Appendices and Related Matter

Christian-Founded Corporations

Apache Digital Corporation

"In 1993 Mark Wauchope founded Apache Digital as a sole proprietorship with the initial goal to help put himself through the University of Houston. Through the next three years, he built up a small successful business on the reputation of providing excellent service and training in the local PC market. Apache Digital Corporation was incorporated in January 1995 and the company moved to Durango Colorado.

Focusing on Next, Linux, and Unix operating systems, Apache Digital equipment quickly became popular in the scientific community. The first Apache website included one of the first, if not the first, online custom configurator in the industry.

Manufacturing of custom hardware, tailored to the specific needs of the customer, became an entre to a variety of organizations with specialized computing requirements; both American and international. Soon a variety of Universities and research institutes were purchasing Apache Digital equipment; most of the systems being utilized for the Genome Project. Word of mouth recommendation within the genome research community resulted in an even broader range of Academic customers.

In 1999, Apache Digital launched the first turnkey system for Internet Service Providers. This product was tailored for the booming start-up ISP market. It included customized management software developed in-house. The ISP system led to other turnkey solutions including an all-in-one Intranet system that provided schools and companies with expanded in-house capabilities.

1999 saw our entry into the cluster environment. Apache custom tailored a cluster solution for the University of California, Santa Barbara. In 2001 Apache teamed with Render Corp. a Canadian company specializing in cluster interface software for computer animation to build a render farm. Cluster products have since shipped for a variety of applications."

Apache Digital Customer Testimonials: Mercury Payment Systems, New Mexico Tech University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NASA

Corporate Statement:
Our mission is to be an industry leader, providing quality solutions for the most demanding computing needs and outstanding customer service. Striving to conduct business in accordance with the teachings of theLord Jesus Christ, we wish to Bless people and share the gospel at every opportunity. We operate daily in the strength that God provides. Because he loves us, God promises to give us success in daily life when we seek to please him.

Linux Voodoo Corporation

Linux Voodoo Corporation, founded in 1998, is a privately held and funded corporation which offers B2B/SMB and end-user consulting services focusing on GNU/Linux and its implementation at home as well as in the enterprise as a viable alternative to Microsoft™ products by providing in-depth expertise, project management skills, and experience. We strive to make every dollar spent on technology an investment that shows positive returns as quickly as possible.

We also focus on B2B and retail hardware/software sales and reviews, Domain name, SSL registration, hosting and e-commerce solutions and as of October 2001, we maintain our own GNU/Linux distribution, Voodoo Linux®.

A special message:

(Taken from Apache Digital (apache.com) unaltered, since we could not have said it better)
"Striving to conduct business in accordance with the teachings of the Lord Jesus Christ, we wish to bless people and share the gospel at every opportunity. We operate daily in the strength that God provides. Because he loves us, God promises to give us success in daily life when we seek to please him."

Many will ridicule us for having this on our site, but you know what? That's ok, it has happened to many in the Bible, and we expect it to happen here too. If you don't like this message, tough luck. Just know that God still loves you even if you're a non-believer.

http://www.linuxvoodoo.com/aboutus.php

* * *

Possible Christians, unconfirmed

James Noel Baptist

(Born June 6, 1930 in Shelbyville, Illinois, United States; d. 2013). Biochemist. Achievements include research in hydrocarbon oxidation by cell free bacterial enzymes, microbial taxonomy by zone electrophoresis of enzymes, bacterial mutations visualized by enzyme zone electrophoresis, protein purification. Biology researcher, El Paso, Texas, 1987; biology researcher, Kerrville, Texas, 1980-87; biologist, M.D. Anderson Hospital, Houston, 1968-79; self-employed biochemist, Bradenton, Florida, 1965-68; microbiologist, International Minerals and Chemicals Co., Skokie, Illinois, 1963-65; biochemist, W.R. Grace & Co., Clarksville, Maryland, 1959-63; chemist, Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville, Oklahoma, 1952-54. Education: BS, Case Institute Technology, 1952; Ph.D., University of Illinois, 1957; postgraduate, University of Michigan, 1957-59.

Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Lytle Houston Blankenship

(Born March 1, 1927; d. 2022). Wildlife research scientist, educator. Certified wildlife biologist, Michigan Department of Conservation, Lansing, 1954-56; research biologist, Minnesota Division Game & Fish, St. Paul, 1956-61, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Tucson, 1961-69; research scientist Caesar Kleberg wildlife program Texas A&M University, Nairobi, Kenya, 1969-72; Professor, research scientist Texas Agricultural Expt. Station, Uvalde, 1972; Consultant World Bank in Kenya, Organization of American States in Dominican Republic; Visiting Lecturer University Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1978; workshop consultant for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to India, 1981, 82. Education: B.S., Texas A&M University, 1950; M.S., University of Minnesota, 1952; Ph.D., Michigan State University, 1956.

Trustee, Uvalde Community Christian School Wildlife Management Institute grantee, 1950-51; Michigan State University fellow; People-to-People program fellow, 1968. Member The Wildlife Society (International affairs committee 1971-86, council 1979-present, President 1986, Outstanding Service award Texas chapter), Wildlife Disease Association, East African Wildlife Society, Wildlife Society South Wildlife Society South Africa, Audubon Society Democrat. Baptist. Clubs: Uvalde Lions, Lions International (district governor 1981-82), Uvalde County Aggie, Uvalde Band and Choir Booster (President 1974-75).

Contributor of numerous articles to professional journals.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Obituary

Father, Sir William Henry Bragg, was Christian.

Sir William Lawrence Bragg

(1890-1971). Youngest man ever to win Nobel Prize, 1915, for research in X-rays. William Lawrence Bragg is most famous for his law on the diffraction of X-rays by crystals. Bragg's law makes it possible to calculate the positions of the atoms within a crystal from the way in which an X-ray beam is diffracted by the crystal lattice. Bragg established the Medical Research Council's Laboratory of Molecular Biology (which revealed the double helix of DNA) and research into radio astronomy, which resulted in the radio telescopes at the Mullard Observatory and the discovery of quasars and pulsars.

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/William%20Lawrence%20Bragg

http://www.nobel-winners.com/Physics/william_lawrence_bragg.html

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1915/summary/

Dame Kathleen Lonsdale. "Bragg, Sir Lawrence," https://web.archive.org/web/20030306050836/https://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/83_18.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20150324174516/http://www.nahste.ac.uk/isaar/GB_0237_NAHSTE_P1266.html

http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/exhib/nobel/braggl.htm

Vinton G. Cerf / Vinton Gray Cerf / Vinton Cerf

(Born June 23, 1943 in New Haven, Connecticut). Computer scientist. Co-founder of the Internet.

Biography

Profile here.

https://web.archive.org/web/20010413152235/http://www.itu.int/TELECOM/wt95/pressdocs/profiles/cerfbio.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20030415053046/http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/cerf.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20020808185240/http://www.b-link.co.uk/ckn/internet/cerf.htm

Statement of Dr. Vinton G. Cerf, Senior Vice President of Internet Architecture & Technology, MCI WorldCom For the Joint Economic Committee, February 23, 2000, https://web.archive.org/web/20020223222559/http://www.cdt.org/security/dos/000223senate/cerf.html

http://www.fact-index.com/v/vi/vint_cerf.html

Vinton G. Cerf Oral History, https://web.archive.org/web/20050302033430/http://www.cwheroes.org/oral_history_archive/vinton_g_cerf/oralhistory.pdf

"Vinton Cerf (1943-), 2000 Fellow Award Recipient, For his contributions to computer architecture, operating systems, and software engineering," https://web.archive.org/web/20120301135259/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Vinton,Cerf/

https://web.archive.org/web/20010202154100/http://www.consultwebs.com/articlesdt/internet-origin.htm

James Cronin / James W. Cronin / James Watson Cronin

(Born 1931; d. 2016). Physicist, educator. Shared 1980 Nobel Prize in physics with Val Fitch for researching K-mesons, one of several contributions he has made to elementary particle physics. The laws of symmetry, which state that the amount of a substance's charge, energy, or matter aren't altered by internal changes or reactions, were once considered to be a fundamental part of physical law. James Cronin has devoted significant time and energy to tracking cosmic rays that are somehow traveling through the earth's atmosphere and landing in places where, according to the rules of physics, their existence should be impossible. For his investigation of this mystery, Cronin received the 1999 National Medal of Science.

Professor emeritus physics and astronomy, University Chicago; Professor physics and astronomy, University of Chicago, 1971; Professor physics, Princeton, 1965-1971; Assistant Professor, Princeton, 1958-1965; Assistant physicist, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1955-1958. Loeb Lecturer physics Harvard University, 1967; participant early development spark chambers; co-discoverer CP-violation, 64; Lecturer Nashima Foundation, 1993. Education: AB, Southern Methodist University (1951); Ph.D., University of Chicago; D, University Paris, 1995; D, University Leeds, 1996; D, University Pierre & Marie Curie, 1994; DSc, University Leeds, 1996.

Member: NAS (council member), American Physics Society, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Philosophical Society.

Honors: Decorated chevalier Legion of Honor (France); recipient Research Corporation America award, 1967; National Academy of Sciences, 1970; University Professor of Physics, 1971; John Price Wetherill Medal of the Franklin Institute, 1975; John Price Wetherill medal, Franklin Institute, 1976; Ernest O. Lawrence award, ERDA, 1977; Nobel prize for Physics, 1980; Laureate, Lincoln Academy of Illinois (Medal of the Order of Lincoln), 1981; American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1982; Ryerson Lecturer, 1990; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship, 1992; Quantrell Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching, 1994; Docteur honoris causa, l'Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 1994; Honorary degree, University of Leeds, 1996; National Medal of Science, 1999; Foreign Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2003.

Member: Fellow Guggenheim, 1982-83; Sloan Fellow, 1964-66, Guggenheim Fellow, 1970-71.

The Nobel Foundation. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1980/summary/

http://www.nobel-winners.com/Physics/james_watson_cronin.html

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/James+Watson+Cronin

Yoshio Fukui

(Born January 4, 1942 in Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan, came to U.S., 1985). Biology educator. Associate Professor cell, molecular, structural biology (tenured), Northwestern University, Chicago, 1989; Visiting Associate Professor, Northwestern University, Chicago, 1985-89; Associate Professor, Osaka University, 1978-85; Research Associate, Princeton (N.J.) University, 1977-78; Assistant Professor, Osaka University, 1974-77; Research Associate Professor, Osaka University, 1972-74. Professor cell molecular biology, Yamada exch. scientist Yamada Science Foundation, Osaka, 1978; Yoshida exchange visitor Yoshida Chemical Foundation, Tokyo, 1983. Education: BA, International Christian University, 1966; MS, Osaka (Japan) University, 1969; Ph.D., Osaka (Japan) University, 1972.

Member: Cooperation of Marine Biological Lab. (Woods Hole, Mass.), American Society for Cell Biology, Society Advancement of Science, N.Y. Academy Sciences (elected), Japan Society for Cell Biologist (Tokyo).

Honors: Recipient Matsunaga Research award Matsunaga Meml. Foundation, Tokyo, 1976; Research grantee NIH, 1988.

Contributor of articles to professional journals. including Nature, Proc. National Academy of Science Journal Cell Biology, International Rev. Cytology, others.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Yoshio Fukui, Ph. D., Cell Motility Research Laboratory, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, https://web.archive.org/web/20050416153454/http://pubweb.nwu.edu/~yoshifk/fukui.html

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yoshio-Fukui

https://web.archive.org/web/20040203222216/http://faculty-web.at.northwestern.edu/med/fukui/01-FukuiFacWeb.html

Walter Bryan Gallaher

(Born April 26, 1931 in Mahoning County, Ohio, United States). Biologist, ecologist. Supervising biologist, Waterway's Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1976-80; supervising biologist, C.E. U.S. Army, Dallas, 1980; biologist, C.E. U.S. Army, Ft. Worth, 1971-76; instructor, Texas A&M University, College Station, 1969-71; Teacher, Warren (Ohio) City Schools, 1963-67; Teacher, Jackson Milton High School, North Jackson, Ohio, 1959-61. Education: BS, Youngstown (Ohio) State University, 1963; postgraduate, Kent (Ohio) State University, 1964-67; MS, Texas A&M University, 1968; Ph.D., Texas A&M University, 1974.

Member: Ecological Society of America, Elks Club. President, Openwood Homeowners Association, Vicksburg, 1976-79; Member technical advisory board Texas Water Devel. Board, 1983-87. NSF fellow, 1967-78, Texas Christian University fellow, 1971-73.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Claude Joseph Geoffroy / referred to as Geoffroy the Younger by the Académie and 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica

*** Not in Gale

(1685-1752). Apothecary, chemist, botanist. Younger brother of Étienne-François Geoffroy.

Claude Joseph Geoffroy, having a considerable knowledge of botany, devoted himself especially to the study of the essential oils in plants.

Raise of Tournefort, botanist on March 23, 1707, associated botanist on May 14, 1711, associated chemist on December 7, 1715, boarder chemist on May 14, 1723.

Member: Académie Royal des Sciences.

https://web.archive.org/web/20020715063727/http://59.1911encyclopedia.org/G/GE/GEOFFROY_ETIENNE_FRANCOIS.htm

https://web.archive.org/web/20041123120503/http://www.enc.sorbonne.fr/cataloguevente/voir.php?fiche=09 (in French)

Claude-François Geoffroy / also referred to as Geoffroy the Younger by multiple sources re: Bismuth *** Not in Gale
(1729-1753). Apothecary, chemist. Son of Claude Joseph Geoffroy.
Member: Académie Royal des Sciences. Associated supernumerary chemist on August 25, 1752

In 1753, he showed that the metal Bismuth was distinct from lead in the Mémoires de l'académie francaise.

https://web.archive.org/web/20041123120503/http://www.enc.sorbonne.fr/cataloguevente/voir.php?fiche=09 (in French)

Samuel Guthrie

(1782-1848). American chemist and physician, Dr. Samuel Guthrie made chloroform in 1830 prior to the independent discoveries by Eugène Soubeiran in France (1831) and Justus von Liebig in Germany (1832). It was used first in amputations at Sackets Harbor, NY, where he settled after serving as surgeon in the War of 1812. He invented the percussion compound for firearms, which made the flintlock musket obsolete.

Lyman C. Newell. "Samuel Guthrie."Dictionary of American Biography Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936:

To the country at large he was most acceptably known as the inventor and manufacturer of an effective priming powder, called the "percussion pill," and the punch lock for exploding it, which together replaced the flash-in-the-pan type of powder and made the old-fashioned flint-lock musket obsolete. He had a laboratory near his house where he performed experiments, and a mill about a mile away where he manufactured for many years large quantities of this powder and other explosives (e.g., potassium chlorate and mercury fulminate). In 1830 he devised a process for the rapid conversion of potato starch into molasses, and in July 1831 sent Benjamin Silliman [q.v.] a description of his process together with a sample of the product. To Silliman he also sent samples of crystallized potassium chlorate, of numerous varieties of powder, of oil of turpentine, and of "spirituous solution of chloric ether." His letters describing these chemical substances were published with editorial comment in the American Journal of Science during 1832 and reprinted, probably in the same year, as The Complete Writings of Samuel Guthrie (n.d.). The "chloric ether" made by Guthrie in 1831 by distilling chloride of lime with alcohol in a copper still proved to be chloroform, and the discovery antedated slightly the independent discoveries of the same compound made at practically the same time by Soubeiran in France and Liebig in Germany.

Dr. Samuel Guthrie House, http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/county/jefferson/hounsfield/guthriehome.html

http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~dav4is/people/GUTH153.htm

Professor In-Kyu Han / In K. Han *** Not in Gale

(Born 1934; d. 2019) Agriculturalist. Currently President, Korea Academy of Science & Technology; Professor Emeritus, Seoul National University, Korea. Check webpage for further references.

Honors: Society Science Award, Korean Society of Animal Science, 1969; Korea Government Science Award (Ministry of Science & Technology), 1971; Achievement Award, Korean Society of Animal Science, 1971; Outstanding Service Award, Korean Society of Poultry Science, 1976; Science Award, Korean Society of Animal Nutrition and Feedstuffs, 1987;1st Purina Korea Nutrition and Feed Award, 1991;1st International Award of Animal Science, AAAP, Thailand, 1992; Sang-Huh Academy Award, Korea, 1995; Nokjo Medal of Civil Merit. 2000

Webpage: https://web.archive.org/web/20010513050029/http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~inkhan/11.html

Obituary

Seoul National University, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Division of Nutricional Sciences: https://web.archive.org/web/20010503133800/http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~inkhan/e_main.html

David Da-I Ho

Dr. Ho's father is Christian.

Molecular biologist David Da-I Ho (born 1952) has dedicated his career to identifying a cure for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). His greatest contribution to the worldwide battle against AIDS came in 1996 when he combined state-of-the art AIDS medications in a way that stopped the progression of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which leads to the deadly AIDS condition.

Biography

Sir William Jenner

(1815-1898). English physician and anatomist. Established separate identities of typhus and typhoid fevers (1847); Professor at University College, London (from 1849); physician-in-ordinary to Queen Victoria (1862).

https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/sir-william-jenner

https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/sir-william-jenner/

Chuang Fong Kong

(Born April 8, 1962 in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, came to U.S., 1981). Molecular biologist. Laboratory Manager, Analytical Reference Laboratories Pty Ltd (ARL), a specialist medical diagnostics company, which is 100% Australian and independently owned. Previous posts: Research scientist, Linus Pauling Institute of Sciences & Medicines, Palo Alto, California, 1990; Assistant instructor, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 1988-90. BS, University of Oklahoma, 1983; Ph.D., Texas Christian University, 1988.

Member: AAAS, Phi Lambda Epsilon, Alpha Lambda Delta.

Texas Christian University fellow, 1985-88.

Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

"Welcome to Dr Chuang Fong Kong," The Path, vol 1, December 2000, Issue 2, https://web.archive.org/web/20021013215707/http://www.arlaus.com.au/thepath/issue1-2.inc.php

"Recently, ARL announced the appointment of Dr. Chuang Fong Kong as Laboratory Manager. With the expanding role of our scientific team and current market demands, Dr Kong brings a wealth of experience to this role. Before joining ARL Dr Kong was Head of the Microarray Facility at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute (PMCI) - Trescowthick Research Laboratories in Melbourne. The PMCI is Australia's leading specialist oncology centre with major programs in patient care and training of clinical and research staff in addition to globally-competitive research capabilities in the fields of cancer initiation, progression, detection
and treatment. Dr Kong's postdoctoral training included appointments at the University of Texas, the Linus
Pauling Institute and BioCircuit in California."

Paul Lemoine *** Not in Gale

(1878-1940) Geologist, director of the Paris Natural History Museum, president of the Geological Society of France and editor of Encyclopedie Francaise.

Sir William Boog Leishman

(1865-1926). Scottish physician, bacteriologist who discovered the protozoan parasite that causes the group of diseases now known as leishmaniasis. Perfected the typhoid vaccine in 1913.

"Behind the Frieze - Sir William Leishman (1865-1926)," https://web.archive.org/web/20030115002800/https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/library/archives/leishman.html

People look at the name of Sir William Leishman and assume that he was of German origin but he was a Scot, born and bred in Glasgow. He was sent to London for his education at Westminster School before returning to Glasgow for his medical education. He qualified in 1885 at the early age of 20 and the following year obtained a commission in the Royal Army Medical Corps. Unusually for the time he took a microscope with him when he was ordered to India to receive his baptism of fire in a punitive military expedition to Waziristan on the Indian frontier. It was in India that he developed an interest in kala azar with which his name is permanently associated.

On his return to England he went to the Army Medical School at Netley, where he worked with Almroth Wright on typhoid vaccine. In 1900 Leishman was appointed Assistant Professor of Pathology at the Army Medical School and evolved the modification of Romanowsky's stain known as Leishman's stain. He used this to stain the elusive parasites which, at the suggestion of Ronald Ross, became known as Leishmania donovani as Leishman and Charles Donovan discovered them independently and published their findings within a few weeks of each other.

When the Royal Army Medical College moved to Millbank in 1903 Leishman succeeded Wright in the Chair of Pathology and continued his work on anti-typhoid vaccine which resulted in the successful protection of the troops during the First World War. He also traced part of the life cycle of the spirochaete.

During the war he held many advisory posts in England and in France and was awarded international honours.

"WILLIAM BOOG LEISHMAN (1865-1926)," https://web.archive.org/web/20020619100141/http://www.hhmi.ucla.edu/C168/history/leishman.html. From: A History of Tropical Medicine by H. Scott, Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore (1939)

Leishman discovered the protozoan parasite responsible for dumdum, or kala-azar, fever, now known as Leishmaniasis. He also developed the clinical technique known as the Leishman stain, which is still used today to detect protozoan parasites such as plasmodium (the cause of malaria). Leishman is also noted for his work with Sir Almroth Wright on the vaccine for typhoid, and helped to elucidate the life cycle of the spirochaete Spirochaeta duttoni, which causes African tick fever.

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/William%20Boog%20Leishman

https://web.archive.org/web/20090108201938/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/L/Leishman/1.html:

https://web.archive.org/web/20030428102229/https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/publications/articles/journal_32_1/13_glasgow_med_school.pdf

Dr. Carlos U. Leon-Velarde *** Not in Gale

Livestock Systems Specialist, Lima, Peru. International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Born in Iquitos, Peru. Graduated from the National Agrarian University, La Molina, Lima, Peru, in Animal Science. MSc in Animal Production at Tropical Agronomic Research and Training Centre in Costa Rica, and a Ph.D. in Animal Breeding at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada.

https://www.fontagro.org/new/investigadores/ver/956/carlos-leon-velarde/en

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carlos-U-Leon-Velarde

Annie Russell Maunder *** Not in Gale

Annie Russell Maunder (1868-1947) specialized in sunspot research with her husband, Edward Walter Maunder, detecting dark spots appearing on the sun's surface. In 1898, she obtained a photograph of a solar prominence (a cloud of gas arising from the atmosphere of the sun) six solar radii in length-the largest captured on film up to that time. Maunder was also active in the British Astronomical Association, serving as vice-president of the association several times up to 1942, and planning the general form of their official journal ( Journal of the British Astronomical Association ) and serving as editor from 1894 to 1896 and from 1917 to 1930. She also held a paid position at the Greenwich Observatory, at the time a distinction most unusual for a woman.

https://ireland-calling.com/annie-maunder/<.a>

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Maunder/

Steve A. Maxwell

(Born September 19, 1956 in Lubbock, Texas, United States). Molecular biologist, researcher. Achievements include finding protein serine kinase activity intrinsic to an oncogene protein. This was first example of an encogene encoding a serine kinuse; discovered several novel proteins that bind to the p53 tumor suppressor gene products. Assistant Professor, University of Texas, 1991; post-doctoral, Baylor College Medicine, Houston, 1988-90; post-doctoral, University of Texas, Houston, 1985-87. Education: BS, BA, Abilene Christian University, 1980; MS, Ph.D., University of Texas, 1985.

Member: N.Y. Academy Sciences, American Association Cancer Research, American Association Advancement of Science.

Honors: Recipient NIH First Investigator award National Cancer Institute, 1993, Research grant Texas Higher Education Authority, 1991.

Author: (book chapter) SV40 T-antigen as a Dual Oncogene, 1989; Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Faculty webpage, https://medicine.tamu.edu/faculty-listings/maxwell.html

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Steve-Maxwell-2

Andrew Millar *** Not in Gale

Molecular cell biologist. University of Warwick, Department of Biological Sciences, 1996-present - Lecturer, Reader, Professor. University of Virginia, NSF Centre for Biological Timing, 1994-1995 - LSRF post-doc' Fellowship; The Rockefeller University, New York, 1988-1994 - Ph.D.; University of Cambridge, Gonville and Caius College,1985-1988 - BA Honors (I) in Genetics; University prizes for Botany, 1987, for Genetics, 1988; European School of Luxembourg - European Baccalaureate. BBSRC Research Development Fellow (2002-2005).

Andrew Millar co-manages the Interdisciplinary Programme for Cellular Regulation, with Dr. Nigel Burroughs (Maths) and is co-ordinator of the Genomic Arabidopsis Resource Network (GARNet).

Webpage at University of Warwick: https://web.archive.org/web/20050314225448/http://www.bio.warwick.ac.uk/res/frame.asp?ID=27

The Millar Research Group. https://web.archive.org/web/20110921131453/http://template.bio.warwick.ac.uk/Staff/amillar/index.htm

Contact information and brief biography: https://web.archive.org/web/20070817025846/http://template.bio.warwick.ac.uk/staff/amillar/contact.html

Peter R. Mills

(Born 1962). Archaeologist. University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, temporary archaeologist, 1984-85; Washington State University, Pullman, WA, coordinator of lithic laboratory and assistant to curator of Museum of Anthropology, 1985-87; Massachusetts Historical Commission, preservation planner and assistant state archaeologist, 1988-90; University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, visiting Assistant Professor of archaeology, 1996-97; University of Hawaii--Hilo, Hilo, HI, Assistant Professor, 1997-2002, Associate Professor of anthropology, 2002-present. Bureau of Land Management, survey archaeologist in Richfield District of Utah, 1984; Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, staff archaeologist, 1986; University of Idaho, field archaeologist, 1986; Bureau of Indian Affairs, survey archaeologist and ethnologist for Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act Office, 1987; University of Alaska, field archaeologist and lithic analyst at Arctic Environmental Information and Data Center, 1990; Bernice P. Bishop Museum, project codirector in Applied Research Group, 1990-91; Biosystems Analysis, Inc., field survey director in Hawaii, 1993; Earthwatch, assistant director of survey and excavation at La Perouse Bay, Easter Island, 1995. John Young Homestead, operator of archaeological field school, 1999; Laupahoehoe Train Museum, member of board of directors, 2000; volunteer for local community service projects; conference presenter; public speaker. Education: University of Vermont, B.A. (with honors), 1984; Washington State University, M.A., 1987; University of California--Berkeley, Ph.D., 1996.

Member: Society for Hawaiian Archaeology (member of board of directors, 2000-02), East Hawai'i Historical Society (first vice president and member of board of directors, 2000).

Author: A Walk through History: Pedestrian Survey of the Old Government Beach Road, Honalo to Honua'ino, North Kona, Hawai'i Island, two volumes, Division of Forestry and Wildlife (Honolulu, HI), 2000; Hawai'i's Russian Adventure: A New Look at Old History, University of Hawaii Press (Honolulu, HI), 2002.

Contributor of articles and reviews to periodicals, including Journal of Pacific History, Asian Perspectives, Hawaiian Journal of History, Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers, Preservation Advocate, Massachusetts Archaeological Society Bulletin, and Kiva. Editor, Society for Hawaiian Archaeology Newsletter, 2000-02; member of editorial board, Rapa Nui Journal, 2000-present.

Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2004.

Faculty page

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter-Mills-2

William Thomas Green Morton

(1819-1868). American dentist. Practiced in Boston (from 1842); associated one year (1842-43) with Horace Wells (q.v.); from Charles T. Jackson, a professor of chemistry, learned of experiments with sulfuric ether as an anesthetizing agent; tested ether on animals and on himself, and finally (Sept. 30, 1846) on a patient; a fortnight later (Oct. 16, 1846) at Mass. General Hospital, Dr. John C. Warren removed tumor from the neck of a patient anesthetized by Morton's process. Morton and Jackson received patent for use of "letheon" (1846); Morton's claims and attempts to profit largely by the discovery brought conflicting claims from Jackson, Horace Wells, and Crawford W. Long; last years embittered by controversy, litigation, and poverty.

"William Thomas Green Morton." World of Health. Gale Group, 2000: "Several people had used ether as an anesthetic before Morton. Another dentist, Dr. Elijah Pope, extracted a patient's tooth using ether in January, 1842. Two months later, Crawford Williamson Long, a physician, used ether to remove cysts from a patient's neck. Neither Pope nor Long publicized their applications of ether, and so Morton was first given credit for using ether as an anesthetic."

https://juniperpublishers.com/jaicm/JAICM.MS.ID.555773.php

http://www.famousamericans.net/williamthomasgreenmorton/

Jacek Plazinski

(Born May 31, 1951 in Krakow, Poland, arrived in Australia, 1981). Molecular biologist, researcher. Certification: Microbiology and genetics diplomate. Senior Research fellow, Australian National University, Canberra, 1990; Research fellow, Australian National University, Canberra, 1984-89; National Research fellow, Australian National University, Canberra, 1982-84; Senior Adjunct, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 1979-81. Visiting fellow Biological Research Center., Szeged, Hungary, 1979-80; Visiting Professor University Agr., Vienna, Austria, 1980-81; Consultant International Christian University, Tokyo, 1997, Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, 1985-90, Patent Office, Canberra, 1990-91. Education: MSc, University Krakow, 1976; Ph.D., Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 1980.

Author book, 1990; Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Jacek-Plazinski-79753087

https://web.archive.org/web/20040805202810/http://www.coa.gov.tw/coa/eng/Publications/apec/apec1/autorun/Workshop%20Report/Agri%20Biotech%20Report/Plazinski/Speaker's%20biographyJP.doc

"Dr. Jacek Plazinski has been scientific adviser in the Office of the Chief Plant Protection Officer in the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Australia since 1998. Prior to his appointment as adviser on agricultural biotechnology, Dr Plazinski was a research scientist studying molecular biology of crop plants and agricultural microorganisms for over 25 years.

"Dr. Plazinski has held academic appointments at several universities in the USA, UK, Poland, and Australia. "He has published approximately 100 research papers and books in a field of molecular genetics.

"He is editor of a number of scientific journals and participates regularly in international symposia.

"He has served on many scientific committees for the Australian Government and international organisations."

Elizabeth Wagner Reed

(Born August 27, 1912 in Baguio, The Philippines, came to U.S., 1916; d. 2006). Biologist. With public school system, St. Paul, Mpls., 1969-73; Assistant Professor, Minnesota Mathematics and Science Teaching, Mpls., 1966-69; researcher, Dight Institute, Mpls., 1948-65; Assistant Professor Research drosophila, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 1947-48; Assistant Professor Research drosophila, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, 1945-46; Assistant Professor, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., 1944-45; researcher, Ohio State Research Foundation, Columbus, 1943-44; biology instructor, Atlantic Christian College, Wilson, N.C., 1938-40; researcher on fungicides, Ohio State University, Columbus, 1936-37. Lecturer biology University Minnesota, Mpls., 1960-69; Assistant Professor Macalester College, St. Paul, 1967-68, Hamline University, St. Paul, 1973. Education: BA, Ohio State University, 1933; MA, Ohio State University, 1934; Ph.D., Ohio State University, 1936.

Member: Fellow AAAS; Women in Science, Sigma Delta Epsilon, Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi. Active NOW, St. Paul, 1980, National Abortion Rights, St. Paul, 1980, Nature Conservancy, St. Paul, 1980, Minnesota Hort. Society, St. Paul, 1981, Zero Population Growth, St. Paul, 1978.

Author: (with others) Mental Retardation, 1962; Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

https://molgen.osu.edu/news/elizabeth-wagner-highlighted-new-york-times

Peter Christian Semm

(Born May 13, 1948 in Helmstedt, Germany). Biologist. Achievements include patent in Melatonin as a Sleep Inductor. Professor, Department of Zoology, University of Frankfurt, Germany, 1992. Education: Diplom, University Kôln, Germany, 1975; Ph.D., University of Mainz, Germany, 1977.

Member: European Bioelectromagnetics Association (board Member, Director 1992).

Honor: Recipient Heisenberg award German Research Council, 1986.

European editor, Bioelectromagnetics, 1996.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/P-Semm-35117418

Hideo Shinagawa

(Born February 2, 1942 in Fujimi, Gumma, Japan). Molecular biologist, educator. Professor, Osaka University, Suita, 1993; Associate Professor, Osaka University, Suita, 1987-93; instructor, Osaka University, Suita, 1971-87. Senior Research fellow University Newcastle upon Tyne, Eng., 1975-76. Education: BA, International Christian University, Tokyo, 1964; MS, Osaka University, 1966; Ph.D., Osaka University, 1971; MA, Princeton University, 1969.

Member: American Society for Microbiology, Genetics Society Japan, Japanese Society for Molecular Biology.

Member editorial board Journal Bacteriology, 1992-97; editor-in-chief: Genes and Genetic Systems, 1999.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hideo-Shinagawa

Norma Sierra-Romero

(Born February 24, 1956 in Mexico City, Mexico). Biologist. Achievements include Research on the use of soybean milk as a blocking agent for enzyme immunoassays, Research as a practical method to obtain hyperimmune serum from bovines to Leptospira sp. A Successful Method to obtain extracted proteins from outer membranes of Leptospira interrogans hardjo.; first isolation of the PRRS virus in Mexico. Researcher, Cenid-Microbiologia, Mexico City, 1986; Teacher of biology, Colegio Israelita, Mexico City, 1980-86. Event coordinator Mexican Swine Veterinarians, Mexico City, 1990-92; diagnostic advisor Mex. Porcine Council, Mexico City, 1992; technical advisor Mexican Swine Practitioners, Mexico City, 1992. Education: student, Science Faculty, UNAM, Mexico City, 1975-83; MS, Science Faculty, UNAM, Mexico City, 1986.

Member: National Animal Health Council. Vol. Christian University Center., Mexico City, 1972-74.

Honor: Scholarship CONACYT, 1984-86; recipient Academy award Mexican Government, 1988.
Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

The two sons of Nathan Ryo Smith:

Alan Penniman Smith

(1840-1898). Physician. A prominent surgeon of Baltimore and was instrumental in obtaining from Johns Hopkins the gift to found the Johns Hopkins Hospital. He received his instruction in Baltimore under private tuition, and was graduated in 1861 at the school of medicine of the University of Maryland. In 1868 he was elected Adjunct Professor of Surgery in that university, and in 1875 Professor of Surgery. He served nearly all the hospitals of Baltimore as consulting physician or surgeon, and has performed the operation of lithotomy more than 100 times, successfully in every instance. He is one of the original trustees of Johns Hopkins University, and is a member of many foreign and American medical societies.

Edited Appletons Encyclopedia, Copyright © 2001 VirtualologyTM http://www.famousamericans.net/nathansmith/

https://mdhistoryonline.net/2018/06/02/md1543/

Berwick B. Smith, a demonstrator of anatomy at the University of Maryland from 1852 until his death in 1859.

William Tyler Smith *** Not in Gale

(1815-1873). English obstetric physician. Co-Founder and Second President of the Obstetric Society of London.

Links, https://web.archive.org/web/20010309230922/http://www.people.virginia.edu/~wwc2r/vicstudies/wtsmith.html

Biography of William Tyler Smith (1815-1873)

https://web.archive.org/web/20020718051027/http://www.people.virginia.edu/~wwc2r/vicstudies/dnb.wtsmith.html:

Tyler Smith raised the position of obstetric medicine not only by his teaching, oral and written, but by the foundation of the Obstetrical Society of London. The subsequent success of the society was largely due to his contributions in memoirs and in debate and to his capacity for business. On the death of Edward Rigby (1804-1860) in December 1860, Smith was elected president.

Smith was associated with Thomas Wakley in the establishment of the New Equitable Life Assurance Society, one aim of which was to secure the just acknowledgement of the professional services of medical men. He was one of the first directors (cf. SPRIGGE, Life and Times of Thomas Wakley, 1897). When the society was united to the Briton Life Office, he became deputy chairman of the united companies. He conceived the idea of raising the ancient Cinque-port town of Seaford to the position of a sanitarium and fashionable watering-place. He purchased a considerable piece of land in and adjoining the town, and leased more from the corporation on the condition that he should secure it against the frequent submersion by the sea and build upon it. He was active in promoting the foundation and success of the convalescent hospital at Seaford, and was bailiff of the town in 1861, 1864, 1867, 1868, and 1870. He was magistrate for the town and port from 1861 to the time of his death at Richmond on Whit-Monday 1873. He was buried at Blatchington, near Seaford.

His chief works include numerous contributions to the Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, Obstetrical Transactions, and Pathological Transactions, as well as 1. Scrofula: its Nature, Causes, and Treatment, 8vo, 1844. 2. The Periodoscope, with its application to Obstetric Calculations in the Periodicities of the Sex, 8vo, 1848. 3. Treatment of Sterility by Removal of Obstructions of the Fallopian Tubes. 4. Pathology and Treatment of Leucorrhoea, 8vo, London, 1855.

Per Johan Ulfendahl

(Born January 20, 1956 in Uppsala, Sweden). Molecular biologist. Manager Research & development, Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden, 1993; Manager Research & development dept., Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden, 1991-93; researcher, Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden, 1988-91. Education: Ph.D., University Uppsala, 1988.

https://patents.justia.com/inventor/per-johan-ulfendahl

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Per-Johan-Ulfendahl-2

Member: European Federation Biotechnical (working party applied molecular genetics 1992).

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Patricia Susan Vary

(Born November 20, 1941 in Wewoka, Okla). Biologist, educator, retired geneticist. Achievements include patents for plasmidless B.megaterium, lac-B.megaterium travel, bicycling. Chair department of Biological science, North Illinois University, DeKalb, 1995-1999; full Professor biology, North Illinois University, DeKalb, 1990; Associate Professor, North Illinois University, DeKalb, 1983-1990; Assistant Professor, North Illinois University, DeKalb, 1977-1983. Consultant Abbott Labs., Chicago, 1988-95. Education: BS, Texas Christian University, 1963; MS, Texas Christian University, 1965; MS, University Wis., 1967; Ph.D., Stanford University, 1969.

Member: AAAS, J. Indus. Microbiotech (editl. board), Society Industrial Microbiology, Genetic Society America, American Society Microbiology, Sigma Xi (local President 1992-93). Board Member LWV, Wheaton, Illinois, 1969-85, President, 1976-77; advisory committee Wheaton School Board, 1980; violinst Cmty. Symphony; Member Women's Chorus; Member cunty Board Director Dem. Precinct Committee, DeKalb, 2000-present.

Honors: Fellow Fogarty International fellow, NIH, 1989-90; grantee, NSF, 1979-92, NIH, 1989-present.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Vitae

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Patricia-Vary

Ashok R. Venkitaraman

(Born October 14, 1960 in India). Molecular cell biologist. Professor cancer research, University of Cambridge, England, 1998; Research group leader, Medical Research Council Lab. Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England, 1991-1998; Research fellow, Medical Research Council Lab. Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England, 1988-91. Deputy Director Medical Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, 2001. Education: MD, MBBS, The Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, 1984; MA, University of Cambridge, 1993; Ph.D., University College, London, 1988.

Member: Fellow New Hall University of Cambridge, National fellow Academy Medical Sciences, London, 2001.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Professor Ashok R. Venkitaraman, Department of Oncology and The Medical Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, University of Cambridge, CR UK https://web.archive.org/web/20081011040447/http://www.esi-topics.com/fbp/2003/february03-AshokRVenkitaraman.html

https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Ashok-R-Venkitaraman-38776433

Department of Oncology Ashok Venkitaraman, https://web.archive.org/web/20040207202857/http://www.oncology.cam.ac.uk/Venkitaraman.html

Ashok Venkitaraman, MRC Cancer Cell Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, "Ashok Venkitaraman learnt and practiced medicine in India, before completing his Ph.D. at University College London in 1988. After post-doctoral work at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge (1988-91), he remained there as a faculty member until 1998. He now holds a joint appointment in the University of Cambridge Department of Oncology and the MRC Cancer Cell Unit. In his current research, Ashok seeks to understand the role of chromosomal instability in cancer predisposition. His lab works on the physiologic mechanisms that maintain the integrity of chromosome structure and number, and on how their disruption can contribute to carcinogenesis."

https://web.archive.org/web/20021031170918/http://www.hutchison-mrc.cam.ac.uk/Venkitaraman.html

Uwe Waller

(Born August 11, 1955 in Berlin, Germany). Marine biologist, researcher, consultant. Achievements include patents pending for control of aquaculture life support systems. Researcher, head experimental laboratory facilities, Institute fuer Meereskunde Kiel, 1992; researcher, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada, 1991. Education: diploma, 1983; Dr.rer.nat., Christian-Albrechts

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Uwe-Waller

Member: Lions Kiel Baltic.

https://seawatercubes.de/en/team_en/

"He is an expert in the fields of aquaculture and bioprocess technology and supports us with knowledge and experience since our studies. As an expert and consultant, he carries out international projects and has established a highly regarded research and development location in Germany."

Author: Tank Culture-Including Raceways and Recirculating Systems, 2000.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Jorg Paul Weimer

(Born October 3, 1964 in Ibbenbüren, Germany). Biologist. Achievements include microdissection of fluorescence labeled chromosomes. Scientist, Gynecology and Obstet. Clinic, Kiel, Germany, 1997; Science Assistant, Department of Human Genetics, Jenna, Germany, 1995-97; computer advisor, RAG Computer, Osnabrück, Germany, 1995; computer advisor, Pool-Data Techs., Mettingen, Germany, 1994. Education: diploma, Wilhelms-University, Muenster, 1984; Dr.rer.nat., Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany, 2000.

https://patents.google.com/patent/DE10012670B4/en

Contributor of articles to professional journals.
Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Questionable

Sir Wilfred Thomason Grenfell

(1865-1940). English physician and missionary. Fitted out first hospital ship to serve fishermen in the North Sea; to Labrador (1892) for missionary work, and built hospitals, schools, industrial centers, cooperatives, etc.; supported mission with books, speaking tours, and (from 1912) through International Grenfell Association.

"Wilfred Thomason Grenfell (1865 - 1940)," https://web.archive.org/web/20030524221356/http://grenfell.history.users.btopenworld.com/Biographies/wilfred_thomason_grenfell.htm

St. Anthony's CAP site tribute of Grenfell: https://web.archive.org/web/20011118121552/http://www.nfcap.nf.ca/west/StAnthony/gren.htm

Glimpses, Issue #118: "Wilfred Grenfell: The Doctor Who Went Out into the Cold,"

Biography in Doctors Who Followed Christ: Thirty-Two Biographies of Eminent Physicians and Their Christian Faith, by Dan Graves. Kregel Resources, Grand Rapids, MI, 1999. ISBN 0-8254-2734-7.

But see http://christianbeliefs.org/biographies/grenfell.html.

Kenneth R. Miller / Kenneth Raymond Miller

(Born 1948). Biologist and educator. Brown University, Providence, RI, Professor of biology.

Kenneth R. Miller is a biologist who attempts to reconcile evolutionary theory with Christianity in Finding Darwin's God: A Scientist's Search for Common Ground between God and Evolution. Published in 1999, the book draws on biology, astronomy, physics, and geology to oppose the ill-founded scientific arguments and illogic of some creationists "with persuasive reasons based on the known physical properties of the universe and the demonstrable effects of time on the radioactivity of various elements," according to a Publishers Weekly reviewer. Arguing also against an atheistic theory of creation, Miller discusses the reason why the scientific community is dismissive of any discussion involving religious belief as they relate to the creation of the universe.

Webpage: https://vivo.brown.edu/display/kemiller

https://catholicscientists.org/st-albert-award/kenneth-miller/

Joseph Needham

Also known as: (Noel) Joseph (Terence Montgomery) Needham, Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham
(1900-1995) After distinguishing himself as a research scientist with his work on the biochemistry of embryonic development, Joseph Needham embraced an entirely different career before his 40th year and devoted himself to a life-long, comprehensive study of the development of science in China. In 1954, he produced the first volume of his monumental Science and Civilisation in China, a seminal work that reached 17 volumes by the time of his death, and which is continued by a team of scholars at the Needham Institute at Cambridge. Needham was undoubtedly the greatest Western sinologist or student of China of the twentieth century.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.1999.0091

https://www.nri.cam.ac.uk/

Appendix 1: Christian Pioneers of Modern Science

Daniel Graves, author of Scientists of Faith and Doctors Who Followed Christ, writes: "Many of the sciences derive directly from the work of a Christian or were greatly influenced at their inception by a Christian. … It may seem an outrageous claim that Christians were seminal to much of what dominates modern scientific thinking, but it is true. There is hardly a science or scientific idea which cannot trace its inception as a viable theory to some Christian."

A careful study of history reveals that technology and modern science was, in fact, pioneered by Christians. The case is made by Dr. Ian Hutchison and Dr. Loren Eiseley (below) and at the essays found at the subsequent links.

Ian H.Hutchinson, Head of Department of Nuclear Energy. Plasma Science and Fusion Center and Department of Nuclear Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. ASA Conference, 4 August 2002. "Science: Christian and Natural," https://web.archive.org/web/20021016211635/http://hutchinson.belmont.ma.us/asa2002/.

Going further, though, I believe there is a constructive case to be made for the phrase Christian Science.

First, as represented by the theme of this conference "Christian Pioneers", we should recognize that modern science is built upon the foundational work of people who more than anything else were Christians. Christians were the pioneers of the revolution of thought that brought about our modern understanding of the world. MIT, my home institution, the high-temple of science and technology in the United States, has a pseudo-Greek temple architecture about its main buildings. The fluted columns are topped not with baccanalian freizes, but with the names of the historical heroes of science (not to mention William Barton Rogers, the founder). A rough assessment was carried out by a few of us some years ago of the fraction of the people listed there who were Christians. The estimate we arrived at was about 60%.

Any list of the giants of physical science would include Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Boyle, Pascal, Newton, Faraday, Maxwell, all of whom, despite denominational and doctrinal differences among them, and opposition that some experienced from church authorities, were deeply committed to Jesus Christ.

Second, I observed over the years in my interactions with Christians in academia, that far from scientists being weakly represented in the ranks of the faithful, as one would expect if science and faith are incompatible, they are strongly overrepresented. The sociological evidence has been studied systematically for example by Robert Wuthnow [Robert Wuthnow, The Struggle for America's Soul, Eerdmanns, Grand Rapids, (1989), p146.], who established that while academics undoubtedly tend to be believers in lower proportion than the US population as a whole, among academics, scientists were proportionally more likely to be Christians that those in the non-science disciplines. The common misconception that scientists were or are inevitably sundered from the Christian faith by their science is simply false.

Third, the question arises, why did modern science grow up almost entirely in the West, where Christian thinking held sway? There were civilizations of comparable stability, prosperity, and in many cases technology, in China, Japan, and India. Why did they not develop science? It is acknowledged that arabic countries around the end of the first millenium were more advanced in mathematics, and their libraries kept safe eventually for Christendom much of the Greek wisdom of the ancients. Why did not their learning blossom into the science we now know? More particularly, if Andrew White's portrait of history, that the church dogmatically opposed all the "dangerous innovations" of science, and thereby stunted scientific development for hundreds of years, why didn't science rapidly evolve in these other cultures?

A case that has been made cogently by Stanley Jaki [Stanley L. Jaki, The road of science and the ways to God, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, (1978).], amongst others, is that far from being an atmosphere stifling to science, the Christian world view of the West was the fertile cultural and philosophical soil in which science grew and flourished. He argues that it was precisely the theology of Christianity which created that fertile intellectual environment. The teaching that the world is the free but contingent creation of a rational Creator, worthy of study on its own merits because it is "good", and the belief that because our rationality is in the image of the creator, we are capable of understanding the creation: these are theological encouragements to the work of empirical science. Intermingled with the desire to benefit humankind for Christian charity's sake, and enabled by the printing press to record and communicate results for posterity, the work of science became a force that gathered momentum despite any of the strictures of a threatened religious hierarchy.

So I suggest that there is a deeper reason why scientists are puzzled about how one might pursue a Christian Science distinguished from what has been the approach developed over the past half millenium. It is that modern science is already in a very serious sense Christian. It germinated in and was nurtured by the Christian philosophy of creation, it was developed and established through the work of largely Christian pioneers, and it continues to draw Christians to its endeavours today.

Dr. Loren Eiseley (1907-1977), a Professor of anthropology, a science history writer and evolutionist, concluded that the birth of modern science was mainly due to the creationist convictions of its founders. "It is the CHRISTIAN world which finally gave birth in a clear articulated fashion to the experimental method of science itself ... It began its discoveries and made use of its method in the faith, not the knowledge, that it was dealing with a rational universe controlled by a Creator who did not act upon whim nor inference with the forces He had set in operation. The experimental method succeeded beyond man's wildest dreams but the faith that brought it into being owes something to the Christian conception of the nature of God. It is surely one of the curious paradoxes of history that science, which professionally has little to do with faith, owes its origins to an act of faith that the universe can be rationally interpreted, and that science today is sustained by that assumption." [Loren Eiseley, Darwin's Centenary: Evolution and the Men who Discovered it, Doubleday: New York, 1961 p:62]

Kenneth Scott Latourette, Sterling Professor at Yale University, wrote, "Across the centuries Christianity has been the means of reducing more languages to writing than have all other factors combined. It has created more schools, more theories of education, and more systems than has any other one force. More than any other power in history it has impelled men to fight suffering, whether that suffering has come from disease, war or natural disasters. It has built thousands of hospitals, inspired the emergence of the nursing and medical professions, and furthered movement for public health and the relief and prevention of famine. Although explorations and conquests which were in part its outgrowth led to the enslavement of Africans for the plantations of the Americas, men and women whose consciences were awakened by Christianity and whose wills it nerved brought about the abolition of slavery (in England and America). Men and women similarly moved and sustained wrote into the laws of Spain and Portugal provisions to alleviate the ruthless exploitation of the Indians of the New World.

"… By its name and symbol, the most extensive organization ever created for the relief of the suffering caused by war, the Red Cross, bears witness to its Christian origin. The list might go on indefinitely. It includes many another humanitarian projects and movements, ideals in government, the reform of prisons and the emergence of criminology, great art and architecture, and outstanding literature."

[A History of Christianity, Vol. II, originally published by HarperCollins Publishers 1953, revised 1975, pp.1470,1471].

Eric V. Snow. Christianity, A Cause of Modern Science? Explains the historical research of Duhem, Jaki, and Merton.

David F. Coppedge. The World's Greatest Creation Scientists from Y1K to Y2K,

https://web.archive.org/web/20010219094416/http://www.creationsafaris.com/wgcs.htm

Christianity and the Birth of Science: Why modern science arose in Christian Europe and not in other cultures. Dr. Michael Bumbulis proposes four evidences and anticipates objections.
http://www.ldolphin.org/bumbulis/

Luther and Science: An essay on relation of Protestant thought to the advancement of science, and an important refutation of the claim that Luther and his followers ridiculed and repressed Copernicanism:
http://www.leaderu.com/science/kobe.html

Ben Clausen on the origin of science, and examples of believers, with bibliography:

Christianity Aiding the Development of Science,

Colin Russell, Professor of History of Science and Technology, The Open University, England; Chairman - Vice President, Christians in Science. "Without a Memory,"

http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1993/PSCF12-93Russell.html. From Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, 45 (March 1993): 219-221.

Christianity is for Weak, Stupid People? - The Role of Reason for Christians

https://web.archive.org/web/20211125185151/http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/reason.html

Appendix 2: Links to websites featuring Christian scientists


Vatican Observatory - https://www.vaticanobservatory.org/
Ancient astronomical research institution with dependent research center based in Tucson, Arizona. Includes history, profiles of personnel, details of telescopes, and a streaming video on the relation of science and religion.

European Society for the Study of Science and Theology (ESSSAT) - http://www.esssat.net/
Scholarly non-confessional organization that aims to promote the study of relationships between the natural sciences and theological views. Includes details of publications, awards, and conferences.

American Scientific Affiliation (ASA) - http://www.asa3.org/
Investigating issues relating Christian faith and science from an evangelical, creationist perspective.

Reasons to Believe - http://www.reasons.org/
Interdenominational apologetic ministry aiming to show that science and the Bible complement one another, led by Hugh Ross, Fazale Rana, and Kenneth Richard Samples. Articles, webcasts, and forthcoming events.

God and Science - http://www.godweb.org/godand.htm
Commentary on Darwin, Marx, Freud, Tillich, Chardin, creationism, evolution, quantum mechanics from Charles Henderson's book. Most of the chapters are available online.

Christians in Science - http://www.cis.org.uk/
UK based organization for Christian scientists and students. Includes articles, conference details, newsletter, and membership details.

Science and Christianity - Allies or Enemies? - https://web.archive.org/web/20020407143354/http://homepages.tcp.co.uk/~carling/main_sci.html
Small collection of articles on the Big Bang, astronomy, and the age of the Earth.

John Ray Initiative - http://www.jri.org.uk/
Educational charity bringing together scientific and Christian understandings of the environment. Includes articles, reports from conferences, and a newsletter.

Faith and Reason Ministries - http://www.faithreason.org/
Aims to reconcile Christianity with accepted science. Includes complete text of John Callahan's book "Science and Christianity", and short articles on a selection of other topics.

Witherspoon on Theology and Science - https://web.archive.org/web/20040604082958/http://www.wwitherspoon.org/
Papers by William Witherspoon on the harmony and potential integration of science and theology. Topics include divine action, string theory, human nature, higher dimensions, and miracles.

Science and Faith - http://www.mat.univie.ac.at/~neum/sciandf.html
Collection of links to pages about scientists and their faith, quotations from the Bible, essays, and bibliographies.

Jesuits in Science - https://web.archive.org/web/20040325110205/http://www.jesuitsinscience.org/
Association promoting the work of Jesuits involved in the physical and biological sciences. Contains articles, event schedule, discussion forum, and a list of Jesuit-related scientific schools.

Foolish Faith - http://www.foolishfaith.com/
Complete text of Judah Etinger's book "Foolish Faith", tackling the relationship between science and Christianity.

Window View - http://www.windowview.org/
Author aims to build a holistic paradigm based on science and scripture.

Institute for Biblical and Scientific Studies - http://bibleandscience.com/
Large collection of articles on topics ranging from science and Christianity through to archaeology and biblical sources.

The Technotheology Project - http://technotheology.org/
Bill Laudeman's attempt to relate physics, cosmology, and chaos theory with orthodox Roman Catholic theology.

Creation scientists and other biographies of interest http://www.answersingenesis.org/Home/Area/bios/default.asp

Creation Scientists in the Biological Sciences

https://web.archive.org/web/20040402072318/https://www.icr.org/creationscientists/biologicalscientists.html

Creation Scientists in the Physical Sciences

https://web.archive.org/web/20040402073418/https://www.icr.org/creationscientists/physicalscientists.html

Organizations of Christian Astronomers

Affiliation of Christian Biologists

https://web.archive.org/web/20040413012502/http://home.messiah.edu/~ghess/acbhome.htm

The Affiliation of Christian Biologists was formed in 1990 to:

encourage fellowship among Christian biologists

provide for exchange of ideas and equipment for effective teaching

encourage networking between Biologists who teach in Christian Colleges and Universities

provide a supportive environment for those engaged in teaching and research in non-Christian contexts

serve as a forum for discussion of problems and issues unique to the integration of biology and Christian thought.

The ACB is open to those who can assent to the purpose(above) and guidelines of the ACB and who have the required educational and/or professional background in the biological sciences

Membership in the American Scientific Affiliation (ASA), our parent organization, is a pre-requisite for ACB membership.

Affiliation of Christian Geologists

https://ncse.ngo/affiliation-christian-geologists

American Association of Christian Counselors

http://www.aacc.net/

AACC is committed to assisting Christian counselors and the entire 'community of care,' licensed professionals, pastors, and caring church members with little or no formal training. It is our intention to equip clinical, pastoral, and lay care-givers with Biblical truth and psycho-social insights that ministers to hurting persons and helps them move to personal wholeness, interpersonal competence, mental stability, and spiritual maturity.

American Scientific Affiliation

http://www.asa3.org/

The American Scientific Affiliation (ASA) is a fellowship of men and women in science and disciplines that relate to science who share a common fidelity to the Word of God and a commitment to integrity in the practice of science.

Association of Christian Economists

http://www.christianeconomists.org

The Association of Christian Economists (ACE) was formed in December, 1982, at the Allied Social Science Association meetings. ACE aims to encourage Christian scholars to explore and communicate the relationship between their faith and the discipline of economics, and to promote interaction and communication among Christian economists. ACE has approximately 300 members-Christian economists in academia, business, and government, drawn from around the globe.

Association of Christian Librarians

http://www.acl.org/

During the summer of 1956, the first Christian Librarians' Fellowship convened, with just five members in attendance-Shirley Wood of Columbia Bible College, Dorothy Spidell of Nyack Missionary College, Mary Jane Kergerize and Marian Boyjiam of The King's College, and Emily Russell of Faith Theological Seminary

In 1957, the Association of Christian Librarians was established, and today it is one of the oldest-and largest-evangelical academic library organizations in existence, with more than 500 individual and 80 institutional members representing a wide spectrum of denominations.

Membership is open to Christian librarians who work in an institution of higher learning and affirm the ACL mission and statement of faith. Associate memberships are available to any other Christian librarians or non-librarians who are interested in librarianship and affirm the ACL mission and statement of faith.

We are united in our mission ...

The mission of the Association of Christian Librarians is to empower evangelical librarians through professional development, scholarship, and spiritual encouragement for service in higher education.

Critical Competency

We are dedicated to being ...

A caring Christian community that integrates faith and academic librarianship, emphasizing ministry and service.

Core Values

We are committed to our core values ...

Members serve Christ as librarians in institutions of higher learning.

All members are united by a common statement of faith which controls what the Association will and will not do.

Association of Christians Teaching Sociology (ACTS)

https://web.archive.org/web/20010723215358/http://www.actsoc.org/

The purposes of ACTS are somewhat difficult to define, but the following, quoted from comments made by participants, suggests the concerns of those who attend.

A forum where Christian sociologists can explore the implications of the Christian faith for the thinking and doing of sociology

A place to engage in personal and professional development through concentrated discussion on the integration of the sociological vocation with the Christian calling

A unique opportunity for Christian fellowship with individuals who share our disciplinary commitment, which is both stimulating and supportive

A network for Christian sociologists, allowing social support, collaboration, and dialogue

From the beginning, we have welcomed anyone who is interested in joining our dialogue.

History: The group began in 1976, when Dr. Russell Heddendorf, then Chair of the Department of Sociology at Geneva College, invited sociologists from various Christian colleges to come to Geneva College for a meeting of dialogue and exchange. At that time the group was informally known as STCC (Sociologists Teaching in Christian Colleges). Since then about 25 to 50 people have met each June, at various colleges.

Association of Christians in Mathematical Sciences (ACMS)

http://www.acmsonline.org/

The Association of Christians in the Mathematical Sciences developed initially from a desire on the part of a group of mathematics teachers at Christian colleges to integrate their faith with their academic discipline. From 1976 to 1985 this group operated informally, sponsoring conferences at Wheaton College in 1977, 1979, 1981, and 1983.

At the 1985 conference, held at the King's College, it was decided to incorporate formally, and to expand the scope of interest of the organization to the entire spectrum of the mathematical sciences.

Christian Pharmacists Fellowship International

https://web.archive.org/web/20020601071321/https://www.cpfi.org/cp/index.asp

CPFI is the first international organization of evangelical Christian pharmacists established with a focus on integration of the spiritual and vocational dimensions of the pharmacist's role. The doctrinal basis is Biblical in perspective and origin, evangelical in scope and is comparable with all the major Christian denominations. Officially incorporated as a tax­exempt, non­profit corporation in the State of Virginia in 1984. (Dean Warren E. Weaver)

Christian Association for Psychological Studies Inc. (CAPS)

http://www.caps.net/

CAPS is a professional association of Christians who serve as:

Psychologists, Marriage & Family Therapists, Professional Counselors, Pastoral Counselors, Psychiatrists, Professors & Researchers, Social Workers, Psychiatric Nurses,Guidance Counselors, Students & Professionals in Training.

We exist to encourage...

Understanding of the relationship between Christianity and the behavioral sciences at both the clinical/counseling and the theoretical/research levels.

Fellowship among Christians in psychological and related professions.

The spiritual, emotional and professional well-being of our members.

Educational and research opportunities that assist the profession and the community at large.

Through its various programs, CAPS encourages the pursuit of excellence ... in the counseling clinic, in the classroom, in the community and in the member's spiritual and emotional life.

Christian Educators Association International

https://christianeducators.org/

(CEAI) is a professional organization founded in 1953. Its members are Christian teachers, administrators, school board members, and para-professionals.

Christian Foresters Fellowship

https://web.archive.org/web/20190102205554/http://christianforesters.org/

The mission of the Christian Foresters Fellowship is to make disciples among foresters, to encourage Christian fellowship among foresters and natural resource professionals, and to see God establish faithful men and women able to teach others in every forest area of the world.

Christian Legal Society

http://www.clsnet.org/

Our Mission: To be the national grassroots network of lawyers and law students, committed to proclaiming, loving and serving Jesus Christ, through all we do and say in the practice of law, and advocating biblical conflict reconciliation, public justice, religious freedom and the sanctity of human life.

Christian Medical and Dental Associations

http://www.cmda.org/

The Christian Medical & Dental Associations (CMDA) are made up of the Christian Medical Association (CMA) and the Christian Dental Association (CDA). CMDA provides resources, networking opportunities, education, and a public voice for Christian healthcare professionals and students.

The Christian Medical & Dental Associations exist to motivate, educate, and equip Christian physicians and dentists to glorify God by:

living out the character of Christ in their homes, practices, communities and around the world;

pursuing professional competence and Christ-like compassion in their daily work;

influencing their families, colleagues, and patients toward a right relationship with Jesus Christ;

advancing Biblical principles in bioethics and health to the Church and society.

Whether you are already a member or considering joining, CMDA wants you to feel welcomed as one of thousands of Christian doctors in our ranks who seek to change the face of healthcare by changing the hearts of doctors. Our membership is made up of physicians, dentists, and medical and dental students who unite to grow in Christ and be used by Him.
Our organization has grown to include more than 45 services and opportunities. Our initiatives range from medical and dental missions to being a voice to the Church, our government, and our culture on the vital bioethical issues of our day. Much of our influence comes directly from our members.

Christians in Political Science

http://www.calvin.edu/henry/christians_in_political_science/

Christians in Political Science was launched as a formal organization in the fall of 1991 by a group of political scientists from six different colleges and universities. From the outset the group defined "Christian" in both narrow and broad terms: Christianity was narrowly defined in its traditional sense rather than it its broad cultural sense; but it was broadly defined to include all Christians who believe in the historic truths of the faith irrespective of specific tradition or denomination. The group drew up a statement of faith to reflect these intentions.

Since 1991 CPS has grown steadily as an organization. It published its first newsletter in the fall of 1991, with two issued every year since. The membership adopted a set of by-laws in the fall of 1993 and elected its first slate of officers in the spring of 1994. In 1993 the first general membership meeting was held in Washington, D.C., at the time of the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association. Presently over two hundred political scientists are dues paying members.

From the outset the goals of the organization have been to encourage and stimulate the members to integrate their Christian faith into their scholarship and teaching and to help make possible contact and fellowship among Christian political scientists.

Christian Veterinary Missions

http://www.christianvetmission.org/

CVM is glad to provide a place for veterinarians and veterinary students to stay updated on what is going on in the veterinary community, worldwide. CVM provides missionary opportunities (short and long-term) as well as programs at national conferences & conventions that speak to the everyday life of veterinary practice, joined with the Christian faith. Our Mission: To challenge, empower, and facilitate veterinarians to serve others through their profession, living out their Christian faith. CVM also provides education and encouragement for those who desire to minister through service prayer, relationship building, and modeling Christ's love.

Christian Veterinary Missions, Canada

http://www.cvmcanada.org

Vision: CVM Canada is an organization committed to serving Jesus Christ through the veterinary profession. Mission: CVM Canada is a fellowship of veterinarians, veterinary students and others of allied interest which gives the opportunity to minister through our profession to the needs of veterinarians, people and their animals worldwide. The organization is committed to empower veterinarians, technicians and veterinary students to Christian ministry through the veterinary profession.

Christians in Science

http://www.cis.org.uk/

A professional Christian group for all who are concerned about science/faith issues. Its aims are:

1. To develop and promote biblical Christian views on the nature, scope and limitations of science, and on the changing interactions between science and faith.

2. To encourage Christians who are engaged in scientific work to maintain an active faith and to apply it in their professional lives.

3. To help Christians who are science students to integrate their religious beliefs and their scientific studies.

4. To bring biblical Christian thought on scientific issues into the public arena.

5. To communicate the Christian gospel within the scientific community.

Engineering Ministries International (EMI)

110 S. Weber, Suite 104, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 http://www.emiusa.org/

EMI's mission is to involve Christian design professionals (architects, engineers, surveyors, construction managers, etc.) in ministry. EMI puts into action Jesus' commission to proclaim the gospel in all the world. This is being accomplished by providing design and construction expertise to the needy through professional ministry teams and through the development of a national fellowship of Christian designers.

Fellowship of Christian Optometrists

https://cmda.org/fellowship-of-christian-optometrists/

The Fellowship of Christian Optometrists, International, Inc., founded in 1986, is a not-for-profit evangelical organization of Christian optometrists, optometry students, and allied ophthalmic personnel committed to world wide eye care missions and intraprofessional Christian fellowship.

North American Association of Christians in Social Work (NACSW)

Box 7090, St. Davids, PA 19087-7090

http://www.nacsw.org

NACSW supports the integration of Christian faith and professional social work practice in the lives of its members, the profession and the church, promoting love and justice in social service and social reform.

NACSW is an interdenominational and international organization which grew out of a series of annual conferences beginning in 1950. In 1954, NACSW was incorporated in the state of Illinois, in 1957 became the National Association of Christians in Social Work, and in 1984 adopted its present name.

Leadership is vested in a Board of Directors composed of at least twelve NACSW members elected by the membership for three-year terms. The Board employs a part- time executive director, who carries out the operations of the organization. NACSW is incorporated in the State of Illinois and registered as a foreign corporation in the State of Connecticut. It is exempt from federal income tax under the provisions of Section 501©(3) of the Internal Revenue Service Code.

Nurses Christian Fellowship

\https://ncf-jcn.org/

Nurses Christian Fellowship (NCF) is both a Christian professional organization and a ministry of and for nurses and nursing students. NCF is a ministry of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship.

Our Purpose Statement:

In response to God's love, grace and truth:
The Purpose of Nurses Christian Fellowship, as a ministry of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA is
to establish and advance in nursing,
within education and practice,
witnessing communities of nursing students and nurses
who follow Jesus as Savior and Lord:
growing in love for God, God's Word, God's people of every ethnicity and culture
and God's purposes in the world.

NCF provides a local, regional, national and international network for Christians in nursing. Local groups meet for prayer, Bible study, mutual encouragement and outreach. NCF staff and regional council members encourage and support nurses and provide leadership and a variety of resources for each geographic area. The National Council Exec works with the NCF Director and NCF staff leaders to develop a national plan for the fellowship.

Henry Wace. A Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies

http://www.ccel.org/w/wace/biodict/htm/TOC.htm

Christian Biographies

https://web.archive.org/web/20020124040319/https://www.apocalipsis.org/biography.htm

Christian Biography Resources

https://web.archive.org/web/20030207041539/https://www.wholesomewords.org/biography/bio.html

Christians in Science/Science and Christian Belief, list of editors and editorial board.

https://web.archive.org/web/20030203075009/http://www.cis.org.uk/scb/editors.htm

List of Christian Scientists

https://web.archive.org/web/20040807050148/http://www.phatnav.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=List_of_Christian_scientists

Influence of Some Early Jesuit Scientists

The 35 lunar craters named to honor Jesuit Scientists: their location and description
Post-Pombal Portugal opinion of Pre-Pombal Jesuit Scientists: a recent conference
Seismology, The Jesuit Science. a Jesuit history of geophysics

Jesuit Geometers: A Study of Fifty-six Prominent Jesuit Geometers During the First Two Centuries of Jesuit History. Excepts from the book by Joseph F. MacDonnell, S.J., Professor of Mathematics
Fairfield University. Published jointly in 1989 by The Institute of Jesuit Sources and The Vatican Observatory. Library of Congress Catalog Card number: 89-80568, ISBN 0-912422-94-7

"For the first two centuries of Jesuit history 631 Jesuit geometers are listed in Sommervogel's twelve volume work Bibliotheque de la Compagnie de Jesus 1 where their publications are evaluated and described. The title Jesuit Geometers, however, might seem incongruous since the word Jesuit conjures up images of martyrs and missionaries like Brebeuf, Xavier and deNobile, theologians like Suarez, the Church Militant exemplified in Bellarmine, or preachers like Bourdaloue.

"On the other hand Euclid, Appolonius, Menelaus, Descartes, Fermat, Euler, Desargues and Lobachevski were geometers but not Jesuits. So what does the Society of Jesus have to do with geometry? In the educational work of the Society geometry played a very important role right from the very beginning.

"Apart from their classroom teaching, many Jesuits by their curiosity, ingenuity, correspondence, and publications contributed greatly to the growth of geometry. Their practical geometrical inventions, their discoveries of new forms of geometry, and their innovations in the teaching of geometry contributed greatly to its development. Furthermore their knowledge of geometry proved an invaluable aid in establishing missions in all parts of the world so that non-Jesuit, non-Catholic, non-Christian geometers benefited from their labors and skill. While there is no such thing as Jesuit geometry, it is certain that the geometries so familiar today would have a different form and encompass far less if these men had never existed."

Introduction to Jesuit Geometers, http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/jg/jgintro.htm


Ch 1. Jesuit textbooks and publications, http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/jg/jg1.htm


Ch 2. Jesuit inventions in practical geometry, http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/jg/jg2.htm


Ch 3. Jesuit innovations in the various fields of geometry, http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/jg/jg3.htm


Ch 4. Jesuit influence through teaching and correspondence, http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/jg/jg4.htm


Ch 5. Jesuit teaching innovations, methods and attitudes http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/jg/jg5.htm


Ch 6. Evaluation of these Jesuit geometers by professionals, http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/jg/jg6.htm


Appendix to 56 Prominent Jesuit Geometers, http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/jg/jgappendix.htm

Annotated Science/Faith Bibliography

https://web.archive.org/web/20210528082408/http://www-personal.k-state.edu/~kbmill/scifaith.html

Scottish Technologists and Scientists

http://www.iee.org/TheIEE/Locations/SEC/Famous/


George W. Rutler. Significant Scots: Scots Pioneers in Medicine, "A Cornucopia of Pharmacopeia"

http://www.electricscotland.com/history/medicine.htm

"The Scots are famously reserved in their habits and modest in demeanor, but this has not restrained their substantial claim to be the world's most intelligent people. In the catalogue of certifiable evidence is this curiosity: Although the Scots comprise less than one-half of 1 percent of the world's population, 11 percent of all Nobel prizes have been awarded to Scotsmen.

"The world's first university faculty of engineering and technical science was in Glasgow. Scotsmen have shown particular genius in medicine, as we have seen recently in the cloning of sheep by Dr. Ian Wilmot, whose wife is a Presbyterian elder.

… "David Livingstone, who secured the abolition of slavery in Zanzibar in 1873, was a physician, as was John Brown who in 1780 had argued successfully against bloodletting. [statement omitted due to inaccuracies] and in 1913 William Leishman perfected the typhoid vaccine. It may be that more lives have been saved by Sir Patrick Manson, who traced parasitic diseases to biting insects, and Sir Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin in 1928, than by any other two men in history.

… "It was a Scots Presbyterian, William Smellie (1697-1753), who first involved professional physicians in midwifery. Dr. Smellie also researched the putrefaction of corpses, but he is known to medical history as the inventor of the "long obstetric forceps" used on Queen Charlotte by the Scottish founder of modern obstetrics, William Hunter (1718-1783), whose brother John (1728-1793) was the father of scientific surgery. The ovum in mammals was discovered by William Cruickshank (1745-1800) and Matthew Baillie (1761-1823) invented treatment for dermoid cysts in the ovary. All of them were devout Scots Presbyterians, as was Alexander Skene (1837-1900) who emigrated from Aberdeen and founded the American Gynecological Society."

Jerry Bergman. "A Brief History of the Modern American Creation Movement,"

Originally published in Contra Mundum No. 7 Spring 1993, lists "Some of the More Prominent Early 1900 Creationists" at

http://www.asa3.org/ASA/resources/CMBergman.html

BIOGRAPHIES AND TESTIMONIALS,

https://web.archive.org/web/20040908002458/http://www.id.ucsb.edu:16080/fscf/library/

The Complementary Nature of Science and Christianity
An introductory online book, by Dick Tripp (NZ)

Dr. Ard Louis, University of Cambridge. "Urbana 03 Seminars-Science and Faith: Friends or Foes?"
Are science and Christianity engaged in an inextricable conflict, as is often alleged, or is that merely a popular misconception? We'll discuss the Christian origins of modern science, the boundaries of what both science and the Bible can say about the created world, and how to be a faithful Christian _and_ a good scientist. We'll begin with a short video presentation of interviews with leading scientists who are Christians. https://web.archive.org/web/20040224011327/https://urbana.org/u2003.seminars.show.cfm?seminar=55

· Science and Christianity: Friends or Foes?(powerpoint) A presentation for Urbana 03. With added notes/references.

· Science and Christianity: Friends or Foes? (html) A presentation for Urbana 03 (converted from powerpoint for the web)

Dr. Ard Louis. Science Christianity Links

https://web.archive.org/web/20051216044858/http://www-louis.ch.cam.ac.uk/urbana/

"A Scientific Dissent on Darwinism"

https://web.archive.org/web/20040215223430/http://www.objectivityinscience.org/dissent.html

The Intelligent Design and Evolution Awareness (IDEA) Center

http://www.ideacenter.org/

The Origins of the IDEA Center
The Intelligent Design and Evolution Awareness (IDEA) Center is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting intelligent design theory. The Center has existed since 2001, however it has its roots in the pre-existing Intelligent Design and Evolution Awareness (IDEA) Club at UC San Diego. http://www.ideacenter.org/about/history.php

List of Intellectual Doubters of Darwinism

http://www.ideacenter.org/contentmgr/showdetails.php/id/1207

List of Creation Scientists of the World

https://web.archive.org/web/20040616080822/https://www.angelfire.com/falcon/megaraptor/creation_scientists_of_the_world.htm

Do Real Scientists Believe in Creation?

http://www.christiananswers.net/q-eden/edn-scientists.html

Appendix 3: Christian academics

Christaf: Christian staff at University of Southern Queensland, Australia https://web.archive.org/web/20030517123400/http://www.sci.usq.edu.au/staff/passmore/Christaf

St. Louis University Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences

http://www.eas.slu.edu/Department/history.html

Saint Louis University is a private university under Catholic auspices, operated by a board of trustees that has a majority of laymen and is headed by a lay chairman. It was founded in 1818 and granted a charter as a university by the Missouri legislature in 1832.

The Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences was founded in 1925 as the first department of geophysics in the western hemisphere. The present name was adopted in 1969 to reflect the scope of departmental activities in the sciences of the solid earth and the atmosphere.
Saint Louis University began taking conventional meteorological observations in 1860 at the request of the United States Government, which used these observations for official purposes. The observers were Francis Stuntebeck, S.J. and John Luneman, S.J. of the Theology and Philosophy departments and the observing station was called College Hill, that was located at 38 degrees and 40 minutes north and 90 degrees and 15 minutes west.

Faculty Directory, http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/faculty.html

Postdoctoral Fellows and Visitors, https://web.archive.org/web/20160417164609/http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/postdocs.html

Christian Faculty Forum at the University of Georgia, Athens

https://web.archive.org/web/20010430015937/https://www.uga.edu/cff/

Member: The Christian Faculty Forum (CFF) at the University of Georgia https://web.archive.org/web/20010430015937/https://www.uga.edu/cff/

is a fellowship and support group for faculty and staff who are seeking to grow in their personal relationship with God as they integrate Christian faith and scholarly work within the university community. The forum is not affiliated with any particular denomination, but is characterized by a Bible-based Christian perspective. Christian faculty and staff who are active in the CFF come from numerous academic disciplines, are involved in a broad variety of community activities, and are members of many different denominations and churches in the Athens area.

Illinois State University Christian Faculty Fellowship

Illinois State University https://web.archive.org/web/20150205230052/http://my.ilstu.edu/~dloomis/cff.html

ISU-CFF is a group of Christian faculty and staff members who are interested in having a larger and broader impact for Jesus Christ on this campus. We are united by our common experience that Jesus Christ provides intellectually and spiritually satisfying answers to life's most important questions. We are affiliated with a national organization of Christian faculty and staff called Christian Leadership Ministries (CLM), which is a branch of Campus Crusade for Christ. CLM maintains an excellent web site of resources at Leadership University. We are a recognized University group. For a Statement of Faith, please click here.

The MTSU Christian Faculty and Staff Fellowship

University of Minnesota

https://web.archive.org/web/20020215132548/https://www.ima.umn.edu/~klee/cfsn.html

Purpose statement:

· To challenge and strengthen faculty and staff in their Christian life.

· To raise the visibility of the Christian community on campus.

· To promote the integration of Christian faith into academic life.

With the overall objective of reaching our students and colleagues with the claims of Christ in ways that are relevant and attractive. Some 85 faculty, 48 staff and 7 administrators.

University of Oklahoma Christian Faculty and Staff Home Page

https://web.archive.org/web/20030202202159/http://www.ou.edu/faculty/organizations/ouchrfas/homep.htm

The OU Christian Faculty and Staff is an association of University of Oklahoma faculty and staff who believe that a personal knowledge of Jesus Christ should be presented to the University's students. Our goal is to increase the visibility of OU's Christian faculty and staff. Our purpose is to present the traditional Christian world view as an intellectually valid option for the modern world. Our membership comes from all corners of the University of Oklahoma Campus: Transportation, Engineering, Physical Plant, Continuing Education, Psychology, Business, OU Athletics, and on and on. We also belong to a wide variety of Churches, from traditional to nontraditional. Despite the many varieties of beliefs, we have a common faith and a common commitment to present Christ to the OU Campus. The OU Christian Faculty and Staff is not an officially recognized organization. The University does not have a mechanism for recognizing faculty and staff organizations.

University of Texas

https://web.archive.org/web/20010429234955/http://www.utexas.edu/staff/fscf/

The Faculty/Staff Christian Fellowship is a non-denominational group of faculty and staff at the University of Texas-Austin that exists to assist each other in doing the following:

Any member of the faculty or staff who shares these goals is welcome to join the group.

Christians in Science, Cambridge, UK

https://web.archive.org/web/20020226101328/http://www.ely.anglican.org/parishes/camgsm/Majestas/1998/May.html

Appendix 4: God and Mathematics

From http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Mathematics%20and%20God:

A number of famous mathematicians have made connections between mathematics and God, often likening God to a mathematician.

The Greek study of mathematics was closely related to that of religion. Plato is quoted as saying "God ever geometrizes" and Pythagoras as saying "Numbers rule the Universe".

Johannes Kepler stated that "The chief aim of all investigations of the external world should be to discover the rational order and harmony which has been imposed on it by God and which He revealed to us in the language of mathematics."

Isaac Newton became extremely religious in his old age, and devoted the rest of his life to the study of religion.

Leopold Kronecker is quoted as saying "God made the integers, all the rest is the work of man."

James Jeans said "From the intrinsic evidence of his creation, the Great Architect of the Universe begins to appear as a pure mathematician".

According to Henri Poincare "If God speaks to man, he undoubtedly uses the language of mathematics."

Georg Cantor equated what he called the Absolute Infinite with God. He held that the Absolute Infinite had various mathematical properties, including (if I recall correctly) that every property of the Absolute Infinite is also held by some smaller object.

St. Anselm's ontological argument sought to use logic to prove the existence of God. A more elaborate version was given by Gottfried Leibniz; this is the version that Gödel studied and attempted to clarify with his ontological argument.

Kurt Gödel created a formalization of St. Anselm's ontological argument for God's existence known as Gödel's ontological proof .

While Gödel was deeply religious, he never published his argument because he feared that it would be mistaken as establishing God's existence beyond doubt. Instead, he only saw it as a logical investigation and a clean formulation of Leibniz' argument with all assumptions spelled out.

Search terms

English: Scientists of the Christian Faith

Dutch: Wetenschappers van het Christelijke Geloof

French: Scientifiques de la foi chrétienne

German: Wissenschaftler des christlichen Glaubens

Japanese: キリスト教の信頼の科学者

Korean: 기독교 믿음의 과학자

Russian: Научные работники христианская вера

Spanish: Científicos de la fe cristiana

Updated August 30, 2004.