(Born in Memphis, Tennessee, United States). Biologist, ecologist. Senior biologist, EPA, Washington, 1979. Reviewer NSF and professional journals, 1973, Standards Methods Committee, American Water Works Association, Denver 18th through 21st editions; evaluator Office Experimental Learning University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 1984-86. Education: BS, Christian Bros. University, Memphis, 1968; MS, University Georgia, 1973; PH.D., University Georgia, 1978.

Member: AAAS, American Institute Biological Sciences (life), Association Southeastern Biologists, International Association Ecology, Ecological Society America (life), Society Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Phi Kappa Phi (life). Board of Directors Comty. Association Rollingwood Village (4th section), Woodbridge, Virginia, 1981-90, v.p. 1981-82, President 1983-90, maintenance Chairman 1990.

Honors: Decorated Army Commendation medal with oak leaf cluster, U.S. Army, Vietnam, 1969, '70.

Author: ECOSAR computer program to predict aquatic toxicity of chemicals, 2002; co-author: Methods of Ecological Toxicology, 1981, Testing for Effects of Chemicals on Ecosystems, 1981; author: Estimating Toxicity of Industrial Chemicals to Aquatic Organisms Using Structure Activity Relationships, 1988, 94; Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Obituary

Embryologist. Biologist. Administrator. Samuel Milton Nabrit is known for his research into animal regeneration, the ability of body parts to regrow or repair themselves after injury, and for his academic career as a promoter of science instruction among young African Americans. The first black Ph.D. from Brown University, Nabrit served as chairman of the biology department and as Dean of the graduate school of arts and sciences at Atlanta University, and as president of Texas Southern University.

Interim Director Atlanta University Center, 1989-91. Executive Director, Southern Fellows Fund, 1967-1981; commr., U.S. AEC, 1966-1967; President, Texas Southern University, 1955-1966; Professor, Atlanta University, 1932-1955; Professor, Morehouse College, 1928-1931; instructor zoology, Morehouse College, 1925-1927. Education: BS, Morehouse College, 1925; MS, Brown University, 1928; Ph.D., Brown University, 1932.

Member: Fellow, AAAS; member, Institute Medicine-NAS, Societe d'honneur Francaise, American Society Zoology, National Institute Science (President 1945), National Association Research Science Teaching, Society Development Biology, Sigma Xi, Pi Delta Phi, Phi Beta Kappa.
Honors: Named to Hall of Fame, NSF, Sayles Hall of Fame, Brown University. Distinguished Award Achievement Medal, 1982; science bldgs named in honor, Texas Southern University and Morehouse College.

Biographical entry

Biographical entry

Biographical entry

*** Not in Gale

Jesuit scientist, specialist on perspective art and composition of place.

Fairfield University entry

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Environmental Health Scientist. Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 7/01-present. Area of Specialty: Environmental epidemiology, Human exposure assessment and epidemiological investigations relating to hazardous substances in the environment, Focus on indoor and outdoor air pollution, pesticides and other agriculture-related exposures, Diet-related exposures to persistent organic pollutants and metals. Previous: Environmental Epidemiologist, National Center for Environmental Health, Health Studies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 9/98-6/01; Doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 1/95-8/98; Project Consultant (under the direction of Dr. Brian Leaderer (Yale) and Dr. Kirk Smith (UC Berkeley)), Division of Diarroeal and Acute Respiratory Disease Control, World Health Organization (WHO) Xela, Guatemala, 9/93-1/96; Industrial Hygiene Intern, Health Services Department, Exxon Company U.S.A., Houston, TX , summer 1993.

Education: B.S., Biology, Cornell University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Ithaca, NY, January 1989; M.S., Marine Environmental Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Marine Sciences Research Center Stony Brook, NY, December 1998; M.S., Harvard University, School of Public Health Boston, MA, June 1994; Ph.D., Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences New Haven, CT , October, 1998.

Member: International Society for Exposure Analysis, American Thoracic Society, American Industrial Hygiene Association, International Society of Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE), American Scientific Affiliation (ASA), the University of Georgia, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute (BHSI), Faculty, the University of Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program (ITP), Georgia Environmental Health Association (GEHA). Member, National Children's Study, Workgroup on Exposure to Chemical Agents (9/01-present), AIHA, Occupation Epidemiology and Exposure Assessment Strategies Committees (9/01-present), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Institutional Review Board "A" (1/00-present), American Thoracic Society, Assembly on Environmental and Occupational Health, Program Committee (5/00-present), Advisory Group for the American Thoracic Society's World Lung Health Committee (7/00-present).

Honors: Department of Health and Human Services, Secretary's Award for Distinguished Service: as a member of the Lower Manhattan Community Assessment Team - recognition for rapid assessment of the critical needs and health effects in communities surrounding the World Trade Center after the attacks of September 11, 2001, 2002; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Honor Award: as a member of the Lower Manhattan Community Assessment Team - recognition for rapid assessment of the critical needs and health effects in communities surrounding the World Trade Center after the attacks of September 11, 2001, 2002; American Red Cross, Certificate of Appreciation: for volunteering at American Red Cross Respite Centers setup in lower Manhattan at Ground Zero to help emergency workers stationed at the World Trade Center after the attacks of September 11, 2001, 2002; Nominated for American Thoracic Society, Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly, David Bates Award, 1999; Recipient of American Schools of Public Health/CDC, National Center for Environmental Health Fellowship, 1998, et al.

Faculty page and Publications

Curriculum Vitae and Christian Faculty Forum page

The Scottish mathematician John Napier invented logarithmic tables in 1614 and effectively introduced the modern notation of decimal fractions. Calculated abbreviated method of multiplication using numbered rods, "Napier's bones." With that device one could perform multiplication and division by mechanical means, and thus it was a distant forerunner of slide rules and analog computers. Its details were disclosed in a two-volume work, Rabdologiae; seu Numerationes per Virgulas libri duo (1617), published the year he died. Three hundred years later, in 1914, the 300th anniversary of the publication of the Descriptio was commemorated by the Royal Society of Edinburgh. P. Hume Brown wrote that Napier's most notable achievement "has given him a high and permanent position in the history of European culture." In his inaugural address, Lord Moulton lauded Napier as one who "stands prominent among that small band of thinkers who by their discoveries have substantially increased the powers of the human mind as a practical agent." In 1964 Napier University, named for the mathematician, was founded in Edinburgh. Among its campuses is one at Merchiston, which houses courses in science, technology, and design. Presbyterian.

John Napier. Biographical entry

MacTutor entry

Galileo Project entry

Biographical entry

Biographical entry

Biologist. Educator. Author. Neal is remembered for his work with badgers, earning him the nickname "the Badger Man." His studies of the animal were captured in books as well as in a 1952 movie, which became the first film ever made about badgers in their natural habitat. Rendcomb College, Cirencester, England, senior biologist, 1934-44; Taunton School, Taunton, England, head of science department, 1945-60, second master, 1960-1998. Somerset Trust for Nature Conservation, chair, 1964-1998. Education: University of London, M.Sc., and Ph.D.

Member: Society of Authors, Ecological Society, Mammal Society of British Isles (council).

Honors: Stamford Raffles Award from the Zoological Society of London. In 1976 he was appointed a Member of the British Empire.

Author: Exploring Nature with a Camera, Elek, 1942; The Badger, Collins, 1948, 2nd edition, 1962; Woodland Ecology, Heinemann, 1956; Topsy & Turvey: My Two Otters, Heinemann, 1961; Uganda Quest: African Wildlife After Dark, Taplinger, 1971; The Natural History of Badgers, Facts on File (New York, NY), 1986.

Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2004.

Obituary

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Bohemian mathematician, physician, astronomer, educator. Lutheran.

Galileo Project entry

Education: Wittenberg, M.A.; Jena, M.D.; University of Wittenberg. B.A., 1549; M.A., 1550; University of Jena. M.D., 1558.

From 1551-8, Neander taught in the hohe Schule in Jena. In 1558, when the school became a new Protestant university, he became a professor in the faculty of arts. From 1560-81, Neander was Professor of Medicine, University of Jena.

Religion editor, physics educator. Physics Department, Newark College of Engineering.

W. Jim Neidhardt was Associate Professor of Physics at New Jersey Institute of Technology. His professional interests were in quantum physics; systems theory; and the integration of scientific and Judeo-Christian theological perspectives, both being forms of personal knowledge as ably pointed out by the scientist philosopher, Michael Polanyi. He was a member of the American Physical Society, American Association of Physics Teachers, Sigma Xi, and a Fellow of the American Scientific Affiliation. He had published forty-five professional papers. He was also interested in the problems of educationally deprived college-bound students and taught a college level integrated physics-calculus course for Newark high school seniors.

Author: (with other) The Christian Frame of Mind, 1989, (with James E. Loder) The Knight's Move-The Relational Logic of the Spirit in Theology and Science, 1992; contributor articles to professional journals.

W. Jim Neidhardt. "Biblical Humanism: The Tacit Grounding of James Clerk Maxwell's Creativity". From: PSCF 41 (September 1989): 137-142.

ASA entry

W. Jim Neidhardt. "Pollard Anticipated by Kuyper"

W. Jim Neidhardt. Theology and Science: At the Frontiers

Neidhardt Collection on Religion and Science

From biographical profile:

"Dr. Wade Neiwert was a chemistry professor at Bethel University in St. Paul, MN for 19 years. He recently joined Higher Dimension Materials as a Senior Scientist and is now their COO, designing and manufacturing a range of high-tech, functional fabrics. He developed and lead the History of Science in Europe study-abroad course at Bethel since 2008, sharing with over 300 students on 13 different trips, his fascination with science and the historical and social context through which it has evolved. Wade grew up in Oregon and earned his Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry from Emory University in Atlanta, GA."

ResearchGate page

Chemist. Construction executive. President, Wickford Corp., Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1979; Manager technical development, The Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1956-77; Senior scientist, The Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1950-56; Research scientist, The Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1943-50; plant supervisor, Imperial Magnesuim Powder Plant, Glens Falls, N.Y., 1941-43; Research chemist, Imperial Paper and Color Co., Glens Falls, N.Y., 1939-41. Education: postgraduate, Brown University, Providence, 1933; postgraduate, University of R.I., 1938; postgraduate, Rice University, Houston, 1939.

Memberships: American Chemical Society, Kalamazoo Board Realtors. Baptist.

Contributor of articles to professional journals.; inventor numerous patents on steriod and antibiotic fermentation and processing.

Patent

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

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Paul Nelson is a philosopher of biology, specializing in evo-devo and developmental biology. Dr. Nelson received his Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Chicago Department of Philosophy (1998). His research interests include the relationship between development biology and our knowledge of the history of life, the theory of intelligent design, and the interaction of theology and science.

He has published articles in such journals as Biology & Philosophy, Zygon, Rhetoric and Public Affairs, and Touchstone, and chapters in the anthologies Mere Creation (Intervarsity Press), Signs of Intelligence (Brazos Press), Intelligent Design Creationism and Its Critics (MIT Press), and Darwin, Design, and Public Education (Michigan State University Press). His monograph, On Common Descent, critically evaluates macroevolutionary theory in light of recent developments in embryology and developmental biology. He edits the journal Origins & Design.

He is married to Suzanne Nelson, M.D., M.P.H., an Assistant Professor of pediatrics at Northwestern University.

Webpage, Access Research Network

Member: Senior Fellow of the Center for Science and Culture of the Discovery Institute (Seattle, WA). Profile.

Profile. International Society for Complexity, Information, and Design

Forester, mining congress executive. Biologist, Michigan Conservation Dept., Munising, Michigan, 1949-50; numerous positions U.S. Forest Service, 1950-70, deputy chief, Washington, 1970-80; Assistant to President American Mining Congress, Washington, 1980; advisory board Rene Dubose Institute, N.Y.C., 1985. Education: B.S., University of Wisconsin, 1943; M.S., Michigan State University, 1947, Ph.D., 1950.

Member county committee Republican Party, Fairfax County, Virginia, 1982-84, precinct Chairman, 1982-83. Served to lt. USNR, 1943-46.

Honors: Recipient Certified of Merit USDA, 1956, 1970, Superior Service award, 1970, Conservation award American Motors Corp., 1980. Fellow Society American Foresters; Member Society of Mining Engineers. Presbyterian. Club: Capital Hill ( Washington).

Papers

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

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Italian chemist, alchemist, iatrochemist, pharmacologist, Catholic priest (ordained before 1601).

Galileo Project entry

Neri is remembered only for L'arte vetraria (1612), a little book in which many of the closely guarded secrets of glassmaking were printed for the first time. He was known in the 17th century also as an alchemist, and his patron, Don Antonio Medici, is known to have been deeply involved in alchemy. Neri also called himself a cultivator of the Spagyrical art.

Catholic Encyclopedia entry

Italian entry

Ph. D. in anthropology, professor at University of South Florisa.

ASA entry

ResearchGate page

English blacksmith and inventor. In association with John Calley (or Cawley), invented (1705) the first practical steam engine, in which steam admitted to a cylinder was condensed by a jet of cold water and the piston driven by atmospheric pressure; entered partnership with Thomas Savery, whose primitive steam engine for pumping water from mines (patented 1698) he improved and built into a practical working engine in common use in collieries (from 1712). The improvements and experiments begun by Newcomen, while primitive compared to James Watt's engines of the late 1700s, paved the way for steam power to lead the industrial revolutions of Europe and later the United States.

Fampus Scientists page

Biographical entry

Linda Hall Library entry

Galileo Project entry

The Newcomen Society for the Study of the History of Engineering and Technology. The Newcomen Society is the world's oldest learned society devoted to the study of the history of engineering and technology. The Society is based in London and is concerned with all branches of engineering: civil, mechanical, electrical, structural, aeronautical, marine, chemical and manufacturing.

The Newcomen Society of the United States

Wolfram's World entry

Biographical entry

Britannica: British engineer and inventor of the atmospheric steam engine, a precursor of James Watt's engine.

Biographical entry

BBC entry

Free Dictimnary entry

British chemist who preceded Dmitri Mendeleyev in formulating the concept of periodicity in the properties of chemical elements, although his ideas were not accepted at the time. Noted patterns in atomic weights of chemical elements of similar properties and published (1864) a table of elements illustrating his "law of octaves"; contributed to development of true periodic table by Mendeleyev.

Biographical entry

Elements and Castle: John Newlands

Biographical entry

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Astrophysicist and theologian. Dr. Newman received his under-graduate degree in physics from Duke University and his doctorate in theoretical astrophysics from Cornell University. He has done scientific research for the U.S. Weather Bureau and the Franklin Institute. Robert C. Newman is Professor of New Testament at the Biblical Theological Seminary of Hatfield, Pennsylvania (a suburb of Philadelphia) and Director of the Interdisciplinary Biblical Research Institute there. As a theologian he has earned the degrees of Master of Divinity and Master of Sacred Theology. Dr. Newman is co-author of four books and has published numerous articles in magazines and scientific and theological journals.

Access Research Network, "Dr. Robert C. Newman," webpage

Robert C. Newman, Ph.D. "A Designed Universe"

Author profile

Testimony in Scientists Who Believe: 21 Tell Their Own Stories, edited by Eric C. Barrett and David Fisher. The Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, IL. ISBN 0-8024-7634-1. "My scientific background helps me to understand God's power and wisdom, and it enlarges my ability to present a scientifically credible apologetic for His existence. I'm convinced that the God who made the stars uses His mighty wisdom and power to guide each one of us into the career that is the most satisfying and the most constructive way of life."

Sir Isaac Newton was an English scientist and mathematician. He made major contributions in mathematics and theoretical and experimental physics and achieved a remarkable synthesis of the work of his predecessors on the laws of motion, especially the law of universal gravitation. Lunar Crater Newton named in his honor.

Isaac Newton, from Query 31 of Opticks (London, 1704): "All these things being consider'd, it seems probable to me, that God in the Beginning form'd Matter in solid, massy, hard, impenetrable Particles, of such Sizes and Figures, and with such other Properties, and in such Proportion to Space, as most conduced to the End for which he form'd them; and that these primitive Particles being Solids, are incomparably harder than any porous Bodies compounded of them; even so very hard, as never to wear or break in pieces; no ordinary Power being able to divide what God himself made one in the first Creation."

Galileo Project entry

MacTutor entry or here

NAHSTE entry

Professor R. W. Picard. "Newton-Rationalizing Christianity, or Not?"

Ann Lamont for Creation 12(3):48-51, June-August, 1990. "Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727), A Scientific Genius"

Pfizenmaier, T.C., Was Isaac Newton an Arian?, Journal of the History of Ideas 68(1):57-80, 1997

Free Dictionary entry

Disclaimer: Claimed by Universalists but from doubtful sources which will not be accepted as authoritative.

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French optician. Catholic.

Galileo Project entry

In 1632 he entered the Order of the Minims.

In his short life Niceron occupied himself with the study of optics. In 1638 he published his first work on optics, La Perspective curieuse. The latin version was published in 1646 under the title of Thaumaturgus opticus. Though Niceron was aware of the latest theoretical developments, he concentrated primarily on the practical applications of perspective, catoptrics, dioptrics and the illusory effects of optics mostly associated with natural magic.

On the two occasions that he was sent to Rome, Niceron conducted experiments with other scientists in Rome suggested by the works of Galileo. He shared the latest developments of French scientists with their counterparts in Italy and returned to France with the scientific news from Italy.

Linda Hall Library entry

Biographical entry:

Niceron studied under Mersenne in Paris and then entered the Order of Minims; he was appointed professor of mathematics at their convent in Rome. He was also an artist of some note and executed a large anamorphic wall painting (now lost) in the convent of Sta. Trinita de' Monti. He, and his Minim colleague Maignan were interested in the uses of anamorphosis in religious art. He was a member of the circle of Mersenne and acquainted with Fermat, Descartes, and Roberval in France and Cavalieri, Kircher, Maignan, and others in Rome. 'He collaborated with a group of scientists in Rome (including Magiotti, Baliani, Kircher, Ricci, and Maignan) in conducting experiments suggested by the work of Galileo' (ibid.).

aka Nikolaus Kryffs / Krebs

German geometer, theologian, philosopher, and prelate. He advocated that the earth revolved on axis around sun, before Newton and Copernicus. While Nicholas led a life of service to the Roman Catholic Church, rising to the position of cardinal (1448-64), he wrote several important philosophical works, including mathematical treatises, that profoundly influenced Western thought. Nicholas studied law and mathematics at the University of Padua, receiving his doctorate in Canon Law. Although better known as a philosopher than a mathematician, his interest in mathematics, far from being purely academic, reflected his passionate desire to understand the universe and situate it in the context of his mystical conception of God.

MacTutor entry. Excerpt:

"He was ordained in 1440 and became a cardinal in 1448 and then became the bishop of Brixon (now Bressanone) in 1450. (The 'cardinal' was a title, while the 'bishop' was an office.)

He was interested in geometry and logic. He contributed to the study of infinity, studying the infinitely large and the infinitely small. He looked at the circle as the limit of regular polygons and used it in his religious teaching to show how one can approach truth but never reach it completely.

In 1444 he became interested in astronomy and purchased sixteen books on astronomy, a wooden celestial globe, a copper celestial globe and various astronomical instruments including an astrolabe.

His interest in astronomy certainly led him to … claim that the Earth moved round the Sun … that the stars were other suns and that space was infinite. He also believed that the stars had other worlds orbiting them which were inhabited. He got so much right that perhaps this will also be found to be true one day!"

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry

Catholic Encyclopedia entry

Biography in Scientists of Faith: 48 Biographies of Historic Scientists and Their Christian Faith, by Dan Graves. Kregel Resources, Grand Rapids, MI, 1996. ISBN 0-8254-2724-X.

The French Clergyman scientist, economist, and translator Nicholas of Oresme (ca.1320-1382) is best known for his treatise on money, De moneta, and for his services to King Charles V of France. Catholic.

MacTutor entry

French entry

Biographical entry

Biography in Scientists of Faith: 48 Biographies of Historic Scientists and Their Christian Faith, by Dan Graves. Kregel Resources, Grand Rapids, MI, 1996. ISBN 0-8254-2724-X.

Bacteriologist, Nobel Prize winner. From Society of Catholic Scientists entry: "Nicolle’s greatest discovery concerned the mechanism of transmission of typhus, a disease that often spread with extreme rapidity under conditions of war, hunger, and floods, and which has been responsible for the deaths of tens of millions of people."

Nobel Prize entry

Biographical entry

Not the Nielsen who joined Wikimedia and not the Nielsen who was on death row in Illinois.

(Born in Madison, Wisconsin, United States). Research geneticist, agronomy educator. Achievements include research in plant molecular biology, characterization of 11 S proteins and genes of soybeans, flavor improvement of soybean products via elimination of seed lipoxygenases. Visiting scientist, CSIRO Division Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia, 1996; Visiting scientist, Plant Breeding Institute, Trumpington, Cambridge, England, 1984-85; from adj. Assistant Professor to Professor agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 1978-85; school geneticist USDA, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 1978; Visiting Assistant Professor agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 1977-78; Associate instructor biochemistry and biophysics, University of California, Davis, 1974-77; postdoctoral Associate Genetics Institute, University Copenhagen, 1972-74. Education: BS, University of Wisconsin, 1966; Ph.D., Vanderbilt University, 1972.

Member: American Society Plant Physiologists (editorial Board), American Society Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, American Society Agronomy, International Society Plant Molecular Biology, Japanese Society Plant Physiology, American Oil Chemical Society (Archer Daniels Midland award 1986, 88), American Soybean Association (Meritorious Service award 1992), Delta Theta Sigma (faculty advisor 1982-84). Lutheran. Leader Boy Scouts of America, W. Lafayette, 1978-84. With USAR, 1960-68.

Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Faculty page

ResearchGate page

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Dutch mathematician, natural philosopher, chemist. Calvinist, elder in the church at Purmerend.

Galileo Project entry

As a student Nieuwentijt was converted to Cartesianism; his medical thesis was a Cartesian, mechanistic exposition of the functioning of the body, with eclectic borrowings from other traditions such as iatrochemistry. Not too much later Nieuwentijt became disenchanted with Cartesianism, partly because he saw it as an avenue to atheism, and partly because he rebelled against its rationalism in favor of a strictly empirical, experimental approach to science.

Nieuwentijt was one of the early supporters of Newtonian science on the continent. He won early recognition for his microscopic observations.

In 1694-1700 he engaged in a dispute with Leibniz on the foundations of the calculus. His views are now beginning to be examined by philosophers with interest. His Analysis infinitorum was the first comprehensive exposition of the calculus.

One of his major works, Het recht gebruik, 1714, (in its English translation The Religious Philosopher, or the Right Use of Contemplating the Works of the Creator) was an enormous (1000 pages) demonstration of the existence of God and the correctness of Christianity by teleological arguments.

His other major work, The Foundations of Certainty, published posthumously, 1720, was an assault on Spinoza which insisted on the primacy of empiricism over rationalism. This work is now receiving serious attention.

In Het recht gebruik Nieuwentijt made it clear that he had a chemical laboratory and that he made frequent use of it.

In Purmerend, in the mid 90's, he organized a "college" (i.e., a society of some sort, evidently informal) of experimentation.

Bernard Nieuwentijt College

Professor of chemistry and botany, pioneer in the use of acetylene.

Society of Catholic Scientists entry

Biographial entry

The English nurse Florence Nightingale was the founder of modern nursing and made outstanding contributions to knowledge of public health. She invented the pie chart.

MacTutor entry

Florence Nightingale Foundation

Florence Nightingale Museum

Biographical entry

Tribute to Florence Nightingale

By 16, the tall girl with the gray eyes and long chestnut hair had heard her first calling: "God spoke to me," she wrote, "and called me to His service." "Florence Nightingale." Historic World Leaders. Gale Research, 1994.

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French natural philosopher, physicist. Catholic.

Galileo Project entry

Noel entered the Society of Jesus in 1599 and completed his novitiate in Verdun. His published works include Aphorismi physici (1646), Sol flamma (1646), Le plein du vide (1648) and Gravitas comparata (1649). The double perspective that characterizes all of his work is an adherence to Aristotelian physics and receptiveness to new ideas.

In 1646 he sent to Descartes his first published works. He had several disputes with Pascal on the existence of a vacuum, but later in his Gravitas he honored Pascal for his role in developing an experiment to produce a vacuum within a vacuum.

*** Not in Gale

Psychologist. Educator. Emeritus Professor, School of Psychology, University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, on staff since 1980, beginning as tutor, and received tenurable lectureship in 1983. Visiting positions at University of Wisconsin; University of California, Los Angeles; Graduate School of Psychology, Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA; University of Georgia, Athens, GA; University of Texas, Austin, TX. Former Director of the University of Queensland Family Centre (1996 - 2003) and Past President of the International Society for the Study of Personal Relationships (1998-2000). Research Interests: Marital communication, family communication, parent-adolescent relationships, family conflict, adult attachment, attachment and religion, sibling relationships. BA (Hons), Ph.D. (Queensland), 1994.

Member of Australian Psychological Society (recipient Early Career Award); Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia; President of the International Society for the Study of Personal Relationships 1999-2000; Fellow of the National Council on Family Relationships (USA); Foreign affiliate, American Psychological Association

Author: Nonverbal Communication and Marital Interaction, 1984; co-author: Adolescents in the Family, 1991, Communication in Family Relationships, 1993; editor: Perspectives on Marital Interaction, 1988, Adult Attachment, 1996, Becoming Parents, 2001, Personal Relationships Across the Lifespan, 2001, Understanding Marriage, 2002. Contributor articles to professional journals. She is Founding Editor of
Personal Relationships: Journal of the Internal Society for the Study of Personal Relationships, 1994-98.
Academy of Social Sciences in Australia.

Fathom: The Source for Online Learning

School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Australia, Faculty page

ResearchGate page

Testimony in On the Seventh Day: Forty Scientists and Academics Explain Why They Believe in God, edited by John F. Ashton, Ph.D. Master Books, Inc., Green Forest, AR, 2002. ISBN 0-89051-376-7.

*** Not in Gale

English scientist specializing in navigation and magnetism.

Galileo Project entry

Norman is best known for his book, The Newe Attractive, 1581, a treatise on the loadstone which derives from his observations of the dipping phenomenon in the compasses he made. The Safegarde of Saylers, 1590, was a book of sailing directions translated from the Dutch.

He made navigational instruments, including magnetic compasses with a wax counterbalance to counteract the dip.

Bakken Library page

fl. 1590. Robert Norman, hydrographer.

German entry

Chemist. From ASA entry:

"Dr. Northrup earned his bachelor’s degree from Northern Colorado University and his master’s degree and doctorate from University of Colorado. Moving to Cookeville in 1980, Dr. Northrup joined Tennessee Tech faculty as a professor. His distinguished, impactful and influential career spanned 35 years. He served as chemistry department chair from August 1997 to August 2005 and also as the department’s master’s program coordinator. Widely published, he was awarded TTU's Caplenor Faculty Research Award for outstanding faculty research accomplishments in 1988 and the university's Sigma Xi Research Award for outstanding contribution at TTU in 1982 and 1987. He was awarded the University’s Outstanding Faculty Award in Teaching in 2015."

ResearchGate page

*** Not in Gale

English specialist in navigation, mathematician, cartographer, engineering, instrument-maker, agriculturalist. Anglican, Calvinist.

Galileo Project entry

At the very beginning of his career, Norwood devised and used a primitive diving bell to retrieve a piece of ordnance that had fallen overboard. This led to his employment by the Bermuda company as an expert diver.

Norwood significantly forwarded the art of navigation, especially in his application of logs to navigational problems. In addition to his surveys of Bermuda, he measured (in 1635) the length of the meridian from London to York in order to determine the length of a degree. Although his method was extremely crude, the care with which he applied it led to a good approach to the modern value. Using this value, he reknotted the log line with a knot at every 50 feet, corresponding to 60 nautical miles per degree.

His work, Trigonometrie, or, the Doctrine of Triangles, 1631, based on the logs of Napier and Briggs, was intended as a navigational aid. It explained the application of logs to navigational problems. Norwood emphasized great circle navigation. Seaman's Practice, 1637, remained for a long time one of the basic works on navigation. His work forwarded the practice of mathematical navigation. Seaman's Practice continued to be republished into the 18th century. It also contained a section on surveying and mapping.

After the early years in Bermuda, Norwood was known in the Virginia Company as one expert in fortification, and he published Fortification in 1639.

In Bermuda he made olive oil and shipped a sample to London, leading the company to promote the planting of olive trees on the islands.

Trigonometrie, Or, The Doctrine of Triangles. Richard Norwood, described in the title as 'Reader of the Mathematicks in London' gives the first accurate guide to sailing in the middle latitudes, employing the England-Bermuda route to illustrate his methods (Norwood made the first survey of the Bermudas in voyages of 1616-1622 and eventually retired there.) The Trigonometrie is a comprehensive account of how to apply logarithms to plane and spherical trigonometry and problems of navigation, with the latter including original and successful solutions to difficulties using plane and Mercator charts.

Norwood family page

aka Pedro Nuñez Salaciense

*** Not in Gale

Portugese mathematician, instrument-maker, navigation expert, mechanic, astronomer. Catholic, from a family of converted Jews.

Galileo Project entry

Nuñez is considered the greatest Portuguese mathematician. He invented the first form of what came to be called the vernier--called the nonius (from the Latinized Nuñez). He was the first to distinguish, in navigation, between the rhumb line of a flat map and a great circle on a globe.

Nuñez's appointment as professor of mathematics at Coimbra effectively established a new discipline in the university. He was not in any of the four established faculties. This provides some indication of the technological demands of navigation (which seem clearly to have stood behind the appointment) at the time.

Catholic Encyclopedia entry

Portuguese entry

Physicist. From ASA entry:

"He earned B. S. in Physics and Mathematics at Luther College in Decorah, Iowa, which was founded by Norwegian immigrants. He earned an M.S. in 1944 and a Ph.D. in 1947 in physics from the Pennsylvania State University. His research there had an application of ultrasonic signaling for the U.S. Army Signal Corps."

His physics dissertation was titled 'High Frequency Whistles: Edge Tones and Resonance,' with adviser Harold K. Schilling. He helped Wes form his own style of teaching and research, including striking a balance between the aims of science and religion. 'Wes was also a deeply religious man who loved God and tried to serve Him. He was active in his church (Community Lutheran) and in his community, and gave freely and generously to many charities. He loved to sing, and was in a barber shop quartet as a young man and in church choirs for many years thereafter.' "

"He was an assistant and associate professor at Brown University from 1950 to 1960, and since 1960 was a professor and on retirement, an emeritus professor of physics at the University of Vermont."

"Wes’ career was devoted to biophysical acoustics, first at low frequencies and since the early 1950s primarily at ultrasonic frequencies of biomedical interest. He made significant contributions in many areas of ultrasound biophysics. His early work established a basis for much of our current knowledge of nonthermal mechanisms by which ultrasound interacts with biological materials—particularly important is the basic information that he had provided on the effects associated with acoustically driven bubble activity. He developed the theoretical basis of acoustic streaming, and he extended his work to investigating all sorts of ultrasonically induced movements and other nonthermal effects of ultrasound"

"In addition to being elected into membership of the National Academy of Engineering, he has been honored with the title fellow by the Acoustical Society of America, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM), and the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences. He has served on the editorial boards of the Journal of Biological Physics, Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, Ultrasonics, and Clinics in Diagnostic Ultrasound. He has written many chapters in scientific books and published many papers in scholarly journals."

"For 22 years, Wes was the chair of National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Scientific Committee No. 66, devoted to establishing guidelines for the safe use of ultrasound in medicine. Three volumes were published: (1)Biological Effects of Ultrasound: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications, in 1983; (2) Exposure Criteria for Medical Diagnostic Ultrasound: I. Criteria Based on Thermal Mechanisms, in 1992; and (3) Exposure Criteria for Medical Diagnostic Ultrasound: II. Criteria Based on All Known Mechanisms, in 2002. These volumes are considered the most authoritative documents in this field. It should be emphasized that Wes was not only the leader of this effort but also the major contributor of concepts and scientific input." https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/13338/chapter/37 https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Wesley-L-Nyborg-79859980

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