Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Ph. D. in physics. ASA entry

*** Not in Gale

Physical Chemist. Research Fellow at the Edward Davies Chemical Laboratories, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom. Dr. A. J. Monty White converted from atheism to Christianity in 1964 when he was an undergraduate student at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. (To read Dr. White's testimony, click here.) He is a graduate of the University of Wales, obtaining his BSc (with honors) in Chemistry in 1967, and his Ph.D. for his research in the field of Gas Kinetics in 1970. Monty spent two years investigating the optical and electrical properties of organic semi-conductors before moving to Cardiff where he joined the administration at the University there. During this time he held a number of senior positions including Academic Registrar and Director of the International Office. He is also a Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

Christian Answers profile

Dr. A. J. Monty White. "How I Became a Creationist".

Chief Executive of Answers in Genesis (UK). He joined Answers in Genesis after leaving the University of Wales in Cardiff where he had been a Senior Administrator for 28 years.

"There is a God, the Bible can be trusted as God's revealed word to humankind. God does answer prayer and does reveal himself to men and women today. I know - I am one of them!" From Testimony in On the Seventh Day: Forty Scientists and Academics Explain Why They Believe in God, edited by John F. Ashton, Ph.D. Master Books, Inc., Green Forest, AR, 2002. ISBN 0-89051-376-7.

Testimony in In Six Days: Why Fifty Scientists Choose to Believe in Creation, edited by John F. Ashton, Ph.D. Master Books, Inc., Green Forest, AR, 2001. ISBN 0-89051-341-4.

aka Blacklo / Blacklow / Blackloe / Vitus / Albius

*** Not in Gale

English natural philosopher. Catholic.

Galileo Project entry

White was a dedicated Aristotelian, the author of De mundo, 1642, and Institutionum peripateticarum . . . pars theorica, 1646. Scientific thought was always subordinate for him to his effort to render theology scientifically verifiable; he was the author of numerous theological works. I cannot call him a Scholastic Philosopher, however; he was much too involved with contemporary thought. White wrote quite a few theological and devotional books.

Ordained in 1617 under the name Blacklo (or Blackloe or Blacklow), White was a major figure in English Catholicism. (Note that he also wrote under all the other names listed above.) The English equivalent of a Jansenist and vigorous anti-Jesuit, White was ultimately not acceptable to Rome; the Holy Office condemned his views in 1655, 1657, and 1661. However, White, while never giving in, remained a Catholic.

Research chemist. Senior staff R & D chemist, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., Winston-Salem, N.C., 1985; chemist, National Institute Environmental Health SciencesUniversity N.C., Chapel Hill, 1983-85; Associate scientist, Chemical Industry Institute Toxicology, Research Triange Pk., N.C., 1977-83; toxicologist, Mississippi Crime Laboratory, Jackson, 1972-75; toxicologist, University Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 1970-72. Education: MS, Jackson State University, 1975; postgraduate, University of Pittsburgh, 1975-77; Ph.D., University N.C., 1987.

Member: American Society for Mass Spectrometry, American Chemical Society (secretary, Treasurer 1990-91). Baptist.

Recipient NSF Fellowship, 1984.

Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Ph. D. in metallurgy. From ASA entry (go to middle of page):

"Our present understanding of the various microstructures formed in the carbonaceous mesophase and its associated disclination structures stems directly from his pioneering work. Jack earned a Ph.D. in metallurgy from UC-Berkeley. He worked as visiting scientist at EUROATOM in Holland from 1967 to 1969. In 1973, he joined the Aerospace Corporation in El Segundo, CA, as a research scientist in the Materials Science Lab."

(Not the Professor at Southeastern Louisiana University Department of Biological Sciences)

Chemist. Analytical chemist Bristol Myers, Hillside, N.J., 1960-67; research scientist Lever Bros. Co., Edgewater, N.J., 1968-75; Assistant Manager tapes and backings development Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, N.J., 1975. B.A. cum laude, Dillard University, 1960; M.S. in Chemistry, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1971.

Honors: Recipient Samuel B. Ullman award Ullman High School, Birmingham, Alabama, 1956; Philip B. Hofmann Research Scientist award Johnson & Johnson Products Inc., 1979; recognized as Distinguished Woman in Business and Industry, Raritan Valley Regional Chamber of Commerce, New Brunswick, 1980.

Member American Chemical Society, N.Y. Academy of Sciences, Society Cosmetic Chemists, Sigma Xi, Alpha Kappa Alpha. Baptist.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

From CMI profile:

"Dr A J Monty White was converted from atheism to Christianity in 1964 when he was an undergraduate student at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. He is a graduate of the University of Wales, obtaining his BSc in Chemistry in 1967, and his PhD for his research in the field of Gas Kinetics in 1970. Monty spent two years investigating the optical and electrical properties of organic semi-conductors before moving to Cardiff where he joined the administration at the University there. During this time he held a number of senior positions including Academic Registrar and Director of the International Office. He is also a Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry."

Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia, resident medical officer, 1935; Ryde District Soldiers' Memorial Hospital, Sydney, resident medical officer, 1936; Church Missionary Society Hospitals, Tanganyika (now United Republic of Tanzania), East Africa, medical superintendent, 1937-40; New South Wales Community Hospital, Sydney, rheumatologist, 1947; professional practice as specialist in rheumatic diseases, 1947-73. Chairman of directors, Ambassador Press Pty. Ltd., and Piligrim Productions Ltd. Made weekly Jungle Doctor radio broadcasts in Australia, 1942-78, some programs were aired in the United States, South America, Philippines, and elsewhere; has made television appearances in Australia as "Jungle Doctor."

"December 3, 1926 o Jungle Doctor Signed a Decision Card,"

Biography in Doctors Who Followed Christ: Thirty-Two Biographies of Eminent Physicians and Their Christian Faith, by Dan Graves. Kregel Resources, Grand Rapids, MI, 1999. ISBN 0-8254-2734-7.

Jungle Doctor Comics

Dr. J. Michael White is currently Robert A. Welch Professor of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Professor chemistry, Hackerman Professor chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, 1985-2000; from Assistant to Associate Professor, University of Texas, Austin, 1966-1976. Memberships: American Chemical Society, American Phys. Society Awards: Distinguished Alumnus Award, Harding University (1985) , Creativity Award, National Science Foundation (1982-85), Outstanding Alumni Award of Alpha Chi (1986), Humboldt Senior Scientist Award (1989), ACS Kendall Award (1990), Guiseppe Paravanno Award, Michigan Catalysis Society (1993), Holloway Teaching Excellence Award (1998), Alpha Lambda Delta Outstanding Faculty Member Award (1998), Career Research Excellence Award-UT Austin (1999), Southwest Regional ACS Award 1999), The Arthur W. Adamson Award for Distinguished Services in the Advancement of Surface Chemistry (2001).

Webpage

Faculty page

White Research Group

Obituary: John Michael White "Man of God & Science"

Recommends Science and Christianity: Conflict or Coherence? by Henry F. Schaefer III. The Apollos Trust, Watkinsville, GA, 2003. ISBN 0-9742-975-0X.

Not the Robert Stephen White from UC Riverside.

Professor of Geophysics, University of Cambridge. Guest investigator Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA, 1977, 1988 and 1990, research Assistant Dept of Geodesy and Geophysics University of Cambridge, 1978, postdoctoral scholar, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA ,1978-79; University of Cambridge: research fell Emmanuel College 1979-82, NERC research fell Dept of Earth Sciences 1979-81, Senior Assistant in research 1981-85, Assistant Director of research 1985-89, fell St Edmund's College 1988-, Professor of geophysics 1989-present, acting head Dept. of Earth Sciences, 1991 and 1993; Cecil & Ida H. Green scholar Scripps Instn of Oceanography University of California San Diego summer 1987; awarded Stichting Fund for Science Technology and Research Schlumberger Ltd 1994; George P. Woollard Award Geological Society America 1997; fell American Geophysical Union, FGS (Bigsby Medal 1991), FRS 1994.

Professor Robert White. "Science: Friend or Foe?" "Science may explain, to a better or poorer extent, how matter behaves in the universe, but it can never explain why we ourselves are here and are in the state in which we find ourselves. Christians concerned to present the truth-claims of Jesus in a culture increasingly dominated by subjective, relativistic views may actually find that science is an ally because it emphasises objectivity and the distinction between truth and falsehood."

University of Cambridge Department of Earth Sciences, faculty webpage

ResearchGate page

Ph. D. in biology. ASA entry

English mathematician. Professor at Dublin and astronomer royal of Ireland (1906-12); Professor, Edinburgh (1912-46); known for contributions to study of functions of complex variables, special functions; discovered (1902) general solution to Laplace's equation; originated (1903) confluent hypergeometric function. Author of Course of Modern Analysis (1902), Treatise on the Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies (1904), History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity (1910, rev. 1951).

MacTutor entry

Published works

*** Not in Gale

Technology educator (See here).

Graduate Coordinator, Department of Occupational Studies, College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. September, 1997 - Present; Professor, Department of Occupational Studies, College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. August 2002 - Present; Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Studies, College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. September, 1996 - August 2002; Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Studies, College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. September, 1991 - August, 1996; Associate Professor, School of Occupational Education, College of Education, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. July, 1991 - August, 1991; Assistant Professor, School of Occupational Education, College of Education, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. August, 1986 - June, 1991; Graduate Assistant, Division of Vocational Education, Technology Education Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. September, 1983 - June, 1986; Technology Education Teacher, John Rolfe Middle School, Sandy Springs, Henrico County, Virginia. August, 1981 - August, 1983; Technology Education Teacher, Schutz International School, Alexandria, Egypt August, 1980 - June, 1981; Technology Education Teacher, Mountain Brook Junior High School, Mountain Brook, AL. August, 1978 - June, 1980; Member - U.S. Navy, Helicopter Mine Countermeasure Squadron 12, Home Port - Norfolk, Virginia, Primary duty station - Haiphong, North Vietnam July, 1969 - July, 1973.

Ed.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986.

Honors: Vice President, Council on Technology Teacher Education, 2001; Fellow, Technical Foundation of America, 2000; Technology Teacher Educator of the Year, Council on Technology Teacher Education, 2000; International Fellows Program, International Studies, University of Georgia, 2000; Technology Education Division Research Symposium Award, American Vocational Association, 1999 and 1997;

Outstanding Teaching Award, Department of Occupational Studies, University of Georgia, 1997;

Silvius / Wolansky Outstanding Research Publication Award, International Technology Education Association, 1996; Distinguished Technology Educator, International Technology Education Association, 1995; Outstanding Faculty Advisor, Technology Education Collegiate Association, 1995; Technology Education Division Research Award, American Vocational Association, 1992, 1993, 1994; Outstanding Young Technology Educator, International Technology Education Association, 1992; Outstanding Service Award, Technology Education Division of the American Vocational Association, 1989.

Editor, Appropriate technology for sustainable living, Council on Technology Teacher Education New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2001.

Editorial Review Board Member, Journal of Technology Education. Council on Technology Teacher Education,1997-Present; Consulting Editor and Chairperson, Editorial Review Board. The Technology Teacher, International Technology Education Association, 1991-1997.

Member: International Technology Education Association, Council on Technology Teacher Education, Georgia Industrial Technology Education Association, Association for Career and Technical Education, The Christian Faculty Forum (CFF) at the University of Georgia

Faculty webpage, Robert Wicklein-College of Education-Department of Occupational Studies

Home page

Curriculum vitae

Personal webpage

Robert C. Wicklein. "My Personal Search for Meaning"

"My search for meaning in life was fulfilled when I asked God to direct me rather than trying to lead myself through the myriads of false promises and philosophies that our society offers. Truth and meaning became real for me when Jesus Christ became my personal advocate. Since becoming a Christian, I've had my share of challenges and problems, I'm certainly not perfect by any stretch of the imagination, but God has always helped me through life's troubles. The Bible tells us, "Do not conform any longer to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind." (Romans 12:2a)."

ResearchGate page

*** Not in Gale

Veterinarian. Toxicologist. Acting Director, Associate Professor; Academic Advisor, Undergraduate Program, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK. Academic Degrees: B.Sc. (Biola), M.Sc., D.V.M. (Washington), Ph.D. (Illinois).

Member: Christian Veterinary Missions, Canada. Profile page

Faculty page

aka Guilandinus/ Villandino

*** Not in Gale

German-born botanist, pharmacologist. Catholic.

The Treatises of Melchior Guilandino

Galileo Project entry

Connections: He had a strong friendship with Falloppio, and a strong enmity with Mattioli. He corresponded with Aldrovandi.

Canadian Scientific and Christian Affiliation member. Ph. D. in physics.

Faculty page

ResearchGate page

Q and A

Veterinary surgeon, author, James Alfred Wight wrote under the pseudonym James Herriot. Partner and general practitioner in veterinary medicine, Sinclair & Wight, Thirsk, Yorkshire, England, 1938-c.1992; writer, 1966-95. Military service: Royal Air Force, 1943-45. Glasgow Veterinary College, M.R.C.V.S., 1938. James Herriot, a vet turned best-selling author, penned twenty books during his lifetime, selling over sixty million copies. His gentle, humorous, heartwarming narratives of the life of a veterinarian in England's Yorkshire Dales during the 1940s and 1950s touched a vein in readers of the late twentieth century. The Herriot legacy included two unexpected spin-offs: England's veterinary schools were flooded with applicants as a result of his books, and his practice and home in Thirsk continued to be besieged by tourists from around the world years after his death. ("James Herriot." Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Vol. 54. Gale Group, 2004.)

Member: British Veterinary Association (honorary member), Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (Fellow).

Awards: Best Young Adult Book citations, American Library Association, 1974, for All Things Bright and Beautiful, and 1975, for All Creatures Great and Small; Order of the British Empire, 1979; D.Litt., Watt University, Scotland, 1979; honorary D.Vsc., Liverpool University, 1984; James Herriot Award established by Humane Society of America.

Author, as James Herriot: If Only They Could Talk (also see below), M. Joseph, 1970; It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet (also see below), M. Joseph, 1972; All Creatures Great and Small (contains If Only They Could Talk and It Shouldn't Happen to a Vet), St. Martin's, 1972; Let Sleeping Vets Lie (also see below), M. Joseph, 1973; Vet in Harness (also see below), M. Joseph, 1974; All Things Bright and Beautiful (contains Let Sleeping Vets Lie and Vet in Harness), St. Martin's, 1974; Vets Might Fly (also see below), M. Joseph, 1976; Vet in a Spin (also see below), M. Joseph, 1977; All Things Wise and Wonderful (contains Vets Might Fly and Vet in a Spin), St. Martin's, 1977; James Herriot's Yorkshire, illustrated with photographs by Derry Brabbs, St. Martin's, 1979; (With others) Animals Tame and Wild, Sterling, 1979, published as Animal Stories: Tame and Wild, 1985; The Lord God Made Them All, St. Martin's, 1981; The Best of James Herriot, St. Martin's, 1983; updated and expanded edition published as The Best of James Herriot: Favourite Memories of a Country Vet, with additional material from Reader's Digest editors, Reader's Digest (Pleasantville, NY), 1998, et. Al.

Free Dictionary entry

Dedicated website

Jonathan Margolis, Thirsk. "But it Did Happen to a Vet" © Time December 14, 1992

*** Not in Gale

Currently a practicing veterinarian in Thirsk, son of James Alfred Wight / James Herriot.

Jim Wight followed in his father's footsteps at the Glasgow Veterinary College, which by then was part of the University of Glasgow, graduating in 1966. In 1967 he joined the practice of Sinclair and Wight in Thirsk, working alongside his father and Donald Sinclair (aka Siegfried Farnon) for the next twenty years, when Alf Wight retired. He is still a member of the practice.
Author: The Real James Herriot : A Memoir of My Father, 2001.

Jim Wight. "On Writing II: Notes from Darrowby"

Benjamin Wiker is currently a Lecturer in Theology and Science at Franciscan University of Steubenville, Ohio. He holds a Ph.D. in Theological Ethics from Vanderbilt University, and serves as a Fellow at the Discovery Institute based in Seattle, Washington. He has also taught at Marquette University, St. Mary's University (MN), and Thomas Aquinas College (CA). He is the author of Moral Darwinism: How We Became Hedonists (InterVarsity Press), which traces modern materialism, especially Darwinism, to its origins in the ancient Greek hedonist philosopher Epicurus. He is also the author of The Mystery of the Periodic Table (Bethlehem Books), a book aimed at a juvenile audience, describing the interesting history of the discovery of the Periodic Table of Elements in chemistry. His writings have appeared in Crisis Magazine, Catholic World Report, New Oxford Review, First Things, and other national publications, and he is a regular columnist for the National Catholic Register.

Benjamin Wiker. "Darwin and the Descent of Morality" Copyright © 2001 First Things 117 (November 2001): 10-13.

InterVarsity Press editor Gary Deddo. "Darwin as Epicurean: An Interview with Benjamin Wiker,"

Discussing Moral Darwinism: How We Became Hedonists.

Faculty Page

Alien Ideas: Christianity and the Search for Extraterrestrial Life.

Imperial Chemical Industries, Billingham, England, technical Assistant on senior staff, 1940-45; University of London, British Empire Cancer Campaign, London, England, Countess of Lisburne Memorial Fellow in Cancer Research, 1945-49; Geistlich Soehne Ltd. (pharmaceuticals firm), Lucerne, Switzerland, chief of research, 1951-55; University of Geneva, Ecole de Medecine, Geneva, Switzerland, privat docent, 1956-64; University of Illinois, Medical Center, Chicago, Professor of pharmacology and member of College of Nursing faculty.

Video archive

"Scientists Censored for Publicly Exposing Flaws in Evolution"

Nuclear chemist. Educator. Owner 1998 - Present, Apologia Educational Ministries. Published eight courses in junior high school and high school science which are used by homechoolers in all 50 states and 10 other countries. This curriculum has been named the best junior high and high school science curriculum in the United States by the readers of Practical Homeschooling Magazine. From 1995 - 1998, Dr. Wile was the Senior Programmer/Analyst for Pathologists Associated, Indiana's premier medical laboratory (with the premier PC IS staff). He is dedicated to the concept of home schooling and is trying to help make ways to keep as many students in home school for as long as possible.

Previous: Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, 1992-1995; Instructor of Science, Indiana Academy of Science, Muncie, IN, 1990-1992; Assistant Professor chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, 1989-1990; Graduate Research Assistant, University Rochester, 1985-1989. Consultant to Homeschoolers 1992 - Present. Education: BS in chemistry, University of Rochester (N.Y.), 1985; Ph.D. in nuclear chemistry, University of Rochester (N.Y.), 1989.

Member: American Chemical Society, American Physical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Christian Answers profile

Curriculum vitae

Webpage

"The Bible Indicates That Humans and Dinosaurs Lived Together. Is there any evidence for this? YES! Ancient Drawings Contain Incredibly Accurate Pictures of Dinosaurs,"

Blog

Picture. This petroglyph (Natural Bridges National Monument) has been attributed to the work of the ancient Anasazi Indians who lived in this area from approximately 400 A.D. to 1300 A.D. Stones found in the Nazca desert plains by Dr. Javier Cabrera Darquea, a research professor at Ica National University, have drawings that look just like dinosaurs.

Above from vitae

Dr. Wile on home schooling

Testimony in On the Seventh Day: Forty Scientists and Academics Explain Why They Believe in God, edited by John F. Ashton, Ph.D. Master Books, Inc., Green Forest, AR, 2002. ISBN 0-89051-376-7.

*** Not in Gale

German botanist, astronomer, instrument-maker. Lutheran.

Linda Hall Library entry

Galileo Project entry

To facilitate his new star catalogue, Wilhelm had Buergi make him a number of instruments: an azimuthal quadrant, a sextant, clocks, and mechanical computing devices. In addition, Wilhelm was himself capable of designing instruments. On the design of Apian's system of rotating cardboard disks, Wilhelm constructed a system of gear-driven metal plates, which contributed to the design of the great Wilhelmsuhr. He also discussed design and made suggestions to Baldewein (and presumably Buergi) when constructing instruments.

Wilhelm supported a number of scientists. He gave stipends to the botanists Joachim Camerarius (1534-98) and Carolus Clusius (1526-1609). For a short time (1558-60) the astronomer Andreas Schoener stayed at Kassel. Wilhelm used the Marburg instrument maker Eberhardt Baldewein (1525- 1592). He brought two major figures to his court at Kassel, the instrument maker and mathematician Joost Buergi (1552-1632), and the astronomer Christoph Rothmann (c.1550-c.1605). Wilhelm gave instruments to the Elector August of Saxony and the Emperor Rudolf II.

Connections: Wilhelm had a wide correspondence dealing particularly with botanical, but also with astronomical matters. His most notable astronomical correspondent was his good friend Tycho Brahe.

English prelate and scientist. Warden of Wadham College, Oxford (1648); m. (1656) Robina, sister of Oliver Cromwell; master of Trinity College (1659); one of the founders of the Royal Society (1662); bishopof Chester (1668). Author of The Discovery of a World in the Moone (1638), A Discourse Tending to Prove That 'Tis Probable Our Earth Is One of The Planets (1640), On the Principles and Duties of Natural Religion (1678), etc.

Galileo Project entry

"Bishop John Wilkins":

John Wilkins chaired the founding meeting of the Royal Society and was its first secretary. He was the only person to have been head of a college in both Cambridge and Oxford. He was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge but was deposed at the Restoration in 1660: he had married Oliver Cromwell's sister, and this did not endear him to returning royalty. He had previously been Warden of Wadham College, Oxford.

He is of interest to cryptographers because he wrote a book called `Mercury, or the Secret and Swift Messenger', which is described in David Kahn's history `The Codebreakers' as `the first book in English on cryptography'. It is much more than that: it is a treatise on the state of the art in seventeenth century telegraphy.

David Darling encyclopedia entry

Biographical entry

MacTutor entry or here

*** Not in Gale

Not cosmologist David Todd Wilkinson of Princeton University, 1935-2002. The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe was named after him.

Astrophysicist, Methodist chaplain. Fellow in Christian Apologetics and Associate Director of the Centre for Christian Communication at St Johns College in the University of Durham, England. Dr. Wilkinson received his Ph.D. in Theoretical Astrophysics (the study of star formation, the chemical evolution of galaxies and terrestrial mass extinctions) from the University of Durham in 1987 and his MA in Theology from the University of Cambridge in 1989.

Faculty Page

He was awarded the Chalmers Prize for Theoretical Physics and the Reidel Research Prize. Much of his work was in collaboration with Sir Arnold Wolfendale, the Astronomer Royal. He is a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society.

He then pursued ministerial training at Wesley House, Cambridge, serving in a variety of appointments, most recently in a growing church in Liverpool and as Methodist chaplain at Liverpool University. His current work at the University of Durham involves the relationship of the Christian faith to contemporary culture, from science to pop culture.

He has written a number of books concerning science and the Christian faith including God, Time and Stephen Hawking (Monarch, 2001), Thinking Clearly About God and Science (Monarch, 2000) and Alone in the Universe: The X-Files, Aliens and God (IVP, 1997).

Biographical entry

David Wilkinson. Bishops' Day Conference, September 4^th 2002; "Only Connect - Communicating the Christian Faith in the 21^st Century: 'The Absence of God or a Surer Path to God?'" (An article published in 'Borderlands' magazine earlier this year.)

Astrophysicist and Methodist Minister

David Wilkinson. "Cosmology and Creation"

*** Not in Gale

English physician, father of modern English dermatology. Quaker.

Who Named It entry

Robert Willan: A Quaker physician who founded the morphologic approach to modern dermatology

Royal College of Physicians entry

Nigerian geneticist, plant breeder. Senior science master Anglican Grammar School, Igbara-Oke, Nigeria, 1962-63; Demonstrator dept. botany University Ife (Nigeria), 1963; Research officer Cocoa Research Institute Nigeria, Ibadan, 1963-68, Senior research officer, 1969-72, principal research officer, 1972-76, Assistant chief research officer, 1976, Chief research officer, 1977-78, Assistant Director prodn. and substas., 1978-85; Assistant Director coffee research program, tech. consultant on coffee Standards Orgn. Nigeria, 1985. Chairman of the Board of Governors, Ibadan Grammar School, 1977-80. Education: Student Kings College, Lagos, Nigeria, 1951-57, University College Ibadan, 1958-62; B.Sc. with honors, University London, 1962; M.Sc.Hort., University of California, Davis, 1966, Ph.D. in Genetics, 1972.

Member: Science Association of Nigeria, W. African Science Association, Agricultural Society Nigeria, N.Y. Academy of Sciences, Genetics Society Nigeria (President 1977-78), Sigma Xi. Baptist. Club: Gambari Recreational (Onigambari, Ibadan).

Contributor of articles and reviews to science journals.

Who's Who in Nigeria entry

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

*** Not in Gale

Astronaut. In May 2000, he served as a mission specialist and the flight engineer on STS-101. In completing his first space flight, Williams logged over 236 hours in space, including 6 hours and 44 minutes of EVA. Since STS-101, he has served in the EVA Branch of the Astronaut Office, as the Co-Chair of the Space Shuttle Cockpit Council, and on temporary assignment at NASA Headquarters in support of legislative affairs. Williams is currently training to command a future long-duration expedition to the International Space Station.

Graduated from Winter High School, Winter, Wisconsin, in 1976; received a bachelor of science degree in applied science and engineering from the U.S. Military Academy (USMA) in 1980, a master of science degree in aeronautical engineering and the degree of aeronautical engineer from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, both in 1987, and a master of arts degree in National security and strategic studies from the U.S. Naval War College in 1996.

Williams received his commission as a second lieutenant from the U.S. Military Academy in May 1980 and was designated an Army aviator in September 1981. He then completed a three-year assignment in Germany where he served as an Aeroscout Platoon Leader and Operations Officer in the 3^rd Armored Division's aviation battalion. Following his return to the United States, Williams completed a graduate program in aeronautical engineering, and was subsequently selected for an Army assignment at the Johnson Space Center, where he served for over 4 years. In 1992, Williams was selected for the Naval Test Pilot School. After graduation in June 1993, he served as an experimental test pilot and Flight Test Division Chief in the Army's Airworthiness Qualification Test Directorate at Edwards Air Force Base, California. In 1995, he was selected for attendance at the Naval War College command and staff course as an Army exchange officer. Williams has logged over 2,500 hours in more than 50 different aircraft.

Williams was selected for an Army assignment at Johnson Space Center in 1987. Until his transfer in 1992, he served as a Shuttle launch and landing operations engineer, a pilot in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory, and chief of the Operations Development Office, Flight Crew Operations Directorate. Selected by NASA in May 1996, Williams again reported to Johnson Space Center in August 1996. After completing two years of training and evaluation, he performed technical duties in the Spacecraft Systems Branch and later the Space Station Operations Branch.

Member: Association of the U.S. Army, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, American Helicopter Society, Army Aviation Association of America, USMA Association of Graduates, Order of Daedalians, Officer Christian Fellowship.

Honors: Graduated first in U.S. Naval Test Pilot School class 103; 1988 Admiral William Adger Moffett Award for Excellence in Aeronautical Engineering, Naval Postgraduate School; 1985 Daedalian Foundation Fellowship Award for Graduate Study in Aeronautics. Awarded Defense Superior Service Medal, Legion of Merit, 2 Meritorious Service Medals, the Army Commendation Medal, NASA Space Flight Medal, NASA Exceptional Service Medal, and various other service awards. Master Army Aviator and Parachutist badges.

Free Dictionary entry

COL Jeffrey N. Williams, U.S. Army, NASA Astronaut, NASA profile

Biographical entry

STS 101 Mission Specialist: Jeff Williams

Biologist, researcher, educator. Institute zoology Pennsylvania State University, 1958-59; instructor West Virginia University, Morgantown, 1959-68, Assistant Professor biology, 1968-74, Associate Professor, 1974-, chairperson department of biology, 1986-91. Education: B.A., W.Virginia University, 1954, M.S., 1958, Ph.D., 1970.

USPHS predoctoral fellow, 1967-68; NSF science faculty development grantee, 1977-78; National Eye Institute grantee, 1983-85.

Member AAAS, Society Developmental Biology, American Association Zoologists, Sigma Xi, Kappa Delta. Presbyterian. Lodge: Order Eastern Star.

Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Obituary

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Computer scientist. From ASA entry:

"Leland held degrees in mathematics from the University of South Carolina, the University of Georgia, and Duke University where he obtained a PhD. He found himself at the right time and with the right background to be a leader in the creation of a new profession: computer science."

"Leland applied his math skills to work at Redstone Arsenal and testing rocket fuses at the Naval Proving Ground in Dahlgren, VA, where he earned the rank of Lieutenant JG. He was a proud Navy Veteran. He was a math and computer science professor and computer center director at Florida State University and Auburn University. Most of his career was then spent leading TUCC (Triangle Universities Computation Center), the shared mainframe computer center for Duke University, the University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University. During that time, he was also a visiting advisor to the computer center at Edinburgh University. His final position took him to the Naval Research Laboratory where he worked on supercomputer planning with all branches of the military."

"He was active in many national professional groups which were vital to the emergence of computer science. In 2006 he was inducted into the Hall of Fame of the Special Interest Group on University and College Computing Services (SIGUCCS) of the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM). He was a member of the BITNET Executive Committee and Board of Trustees: BITNET was a predecessor to today’s internet and email for universities, worldwide."

"Perhaps his longest and fondest professional association was with the American Scientific Affiliation of which he was a Fellow. The ASA is an international network of Christians in the sciences. Leland would say: 'God reveals himself both through his natural creation and through the Bible. Science is man’s attempt to understand natural creation and theology is man’s attempt to understand the God who is revealed in the Bible. Since God is the author of both, they cannot conflict. When they appear to do so it is either because science or theology has erred in its interpretation.'"

Interview with Leland Williams

Geneticist, researcher. School leader, USDA Agricultural School Service, Fargo, N.D., 1972; School geneticist, USDA Agricultural School Service, Fargo, N.D., 1956-72; School Associate, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 1956; Associate trainee, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 1954-56. Adjunct Professor N.D. State University, Fargo, 1961. Education: BS, University of Nebraska, 1951; MS, University of Nebraska, 1954; Ph.D., University of Nebraska, 1956.

USDA page

ResearchGate page

Member: Fellow AAAS, American Society Agronomy, Crop Science Society America; American Genetics Association, Genetics Society America, Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Masons, Sigma Xi (President, President-elect North Dakota chapter 1976-78). With U.S. Army, 1945-47. Presbyterian.

Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Ph. D. in radiation biology. ASA entry

College admistrator. Circulation Manager, Scientist Institute, St. Louis, 1974-77; supervisor academics St. Louis Job Corps, 1980-83, Manager academics, 1983-84; faculty coordinator Watterson College, 1984. B.S. in Education, University Of Missouri, 1972. Certified Teacher, Missouri.

Member: Neighborhood Watch Association, Berkeley, Missouri; Contributor of City of Atlanta Children's Fund, 1981.

Honors: Recipient commendation St. Louis Job Corps, 1983; Certified of recognition Mayor Maynard Jackson, Atlanta, 1981; named Staff Member of Month, St. Louis Job Corps, 1982.

Member National Association Female Executives. Baptist.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

*** Not in Gale

English anatomist and physician. Professor at Oxford (1660-75); a founder of the Royal Society (1662); first to describe myasthenia gravis (1671) and puerperal fever; distinguished diabetes mellitus from other forms of diabetes; discovered system of connecting arteries at base of brain known as circle of Willis; published Cerebri anatomi (1664) on the brain and nervous system. He coined the terms thalamus opticus, nucleus lentiformis, and corpus striatum.

Galileo Project entry

Who Named It entry. Associated eponyms: Baldwin-Gardner-Willis operation, A phenomen relating to tubercle bacilluses; Paracusis of Willis, The ability to hear better in noise; Willis' circle, The circle of anastomosed arteries at the base of the brain; Willis' cords, Fibrous cords crossing the superior longitudinal sinus transversely; Willis' disease I, Historic term for diabetes mellitus; Willis' disease II, Asthma;
Willis' glands, Corpora albicantia. Obsolete term; Willis' nerve, The ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve.

"The Discovery of Bioelectricity: Thomas Willis: A Brief Biography"

Free Dictionary entry

English naturalist. Student and associate of John Ray; toured Britain, Low Countries, Germany, Italy, Spain (1660-64), collecting botanical and zoological specimens; began work of classification completed by Ray (q.v.).

Galileo Project entry

Fact Index entry

1911 Encyclopedia entry

Medical geneticist. Senior Investigator, Inherited Disease Research Branch, Head of Genometrics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute. Previous posts: Instructor dept. of Mathematics Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, 1978-79; postdoctoral teaching dept. of biometry Louisiana State University Medical magna cum laude, Western Maryland College, 1975; Ph.D., Indiana University, 1980.

Member: AAAS, American Board Medical Genetics, American College Medical Genetics, American Society Human Genetics, International Genetic Epidemiology Society, International Society Psychiatric Genetics, Association Computing Machinery, American Running and Fitness Association, Sigma Xi, Beta Beta Beta. Lutheran.

Honors: Recipient H. P. Sturdivant award Western Maryland College, 1975; Prize for Poetry, Indiana University-Purdue University, 1975; USPHS predoctoral fellow, 1975-78; NIH-National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute research grantee, 1982.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Alexander F. Wilson, Ph.D., Senior Investigator, Inherited Disease Research Branch and Head, Genometrics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute.

NIH page

*** Not in Gale

Danish anatomist, physiologist, physician, surgeon. Lutheran, then Catholic.

Galileo Project entry

Winslow was regarded as the greatest anatomist of the early 18th century. His Exposition anatomique de la structure du corps humain, 1732, was translated into English, German, Italian, and Latin; by 1775 it had come out in thirty-two separate editions.

Memberships: Académie Royal des Sciences, 1722; Berlin Academy

Free Dictionary entry

Fact Index entry

Physicist.

ASA entry

Brom biographical entry:

"Harold F. Winters attended Eastern Washington University, Biola University and received his B.S. degree in physics from Whitworth College in 1958. He received his Ph.D. in physics from Washington State University in 1963 where he studied 'the adsorption resulting from electron impact on gas phase molecules'. He has been a member of the Research Staff at the IBM Almaden Research Center since that time except for two sabbatical years; one of the years was spent at the IBM Development Laboratory at East Fishkill where he worked on the development of ion sources for ion implanters; the second sabbatical year was spent as a visiting professor at the University of Odense in Denmark where his research was in the area of surface sciences."

"A major contribution of Dr. Winters (with Dr. Coburn) has been in the area of plasma-assisted etching with particular emphasis on developing an understanding of physical and chemical mechanisms. They demonstrated that etching could be achieved outside of the plasma using XeF2 as the reactive gas. They then developed experiments to simulate plasma processes by using directed beams of reactive gas, ions, and electrons. Modulated beam mass spectrometry was used to measure the etch products, reflected incident species, and reaction by-products. XPS and Auger spectroscopy were used to understand surface conditions. These directed beam experiments were very helpful in providing a qualitative understanding of the complex phenomena occurring at surfaces in reactive gas plasmas. One of the focal points of this work was to elucidate the role of energetic ions for inducing chemical etching reactions. This beam work was the forerunner of ion-beam assisted chemical etching applications involving both broad and finely focused ion beams. They demonstrated the role of carbon (and polymeric material in general) in the previously discovered selective etching of SiO2 and in etching directionality by means of sidewall passivation. They have also pointed out the role of feature conductance in high aspect ratio etching and have developed a model to explain the influence of doping on etching reactions. Drs. Winters and Coburn jointly developed a quantitative method for measuring the amount of perfluropolyether lubricant on (or in) disks used in magnetic recording technology. They also developed a model that showed how the interpretation of depth profiling measurements was strongly influenced by the altered chemical composition at the surface generated as a consequence of ion bombardment."

ResearchGate page

Surface science aspects of (plasma) ALD reactions – Extending the legacy of Harold Winters

John Winthrop, American colonial statesman and scientist, founded several New England settlements. He obtained Connecticut's favorable charter and served as its chief executive.

James Truslow Adams. "John Winthrop." Dictionary of American Biography Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936. "Winthrop had always possessed a strongly scientific mind and had been particularly interested in chemistry. While in England in 1663 he was elected a member of the Royal Society--the first member resident in America--and in New England his knowledge of medicine was much in demand. He was ahead of his period in that his varied interests were scientific rather than theological, and also in that he believed that New England's future lay in manufacturing and commerce rather than in agriculture. The papers which he contributed to the Royal Society and his letters to scientific friends abroad deal with a range of subjects including trade, banking, new methods in manufacture, and astronomy. He predicted the discovery of a fifth satellite to Jupiter, although the instruments of his time were not powerful enough to confirm his theory."

Galileo Project entry

Biographical entry

Dr. Joseph Schafer (Penn State UBF). "John Winthrop"

Winthrop, Robert C. (1867), Life and Letters of John Winthrop. Boston: Ticknor and Fields. Letter to his third wife, Margaret: "I am still detayned from thee, but it is by the Lord, who hath a greater interest in me than thy selfe, when his work is donne he will restore me to thee againe to or mutuall comfort: Amen...I hope to be wth thee to morrowe...So I kisse my sweet wife & rest. Thine, Jo: Winthrop."

ASA member. Ph. D. in science and technology studies.

Faculty page

Vitae

Reasons to Believe page

From Academia page: "As a Christian, engineer, and Science and Technology in Society (STS) scholar, I am most interested in the complex relationships between Christianity and technology, especially those associated with futurism and transhumanism."

*** Not in Gale

Paleontologist. Associate Professor of Science, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, and Director of the Center for Origins Research and Education (C.O.R.E.) at Bryan College, Dayton, Tennessee. Dr. Wise has the M.A. and Ph.D. in paleontology from Harvard University, studying under Stephen J. Gould, as well as a B.S. from the Department of Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago, studying under David M. Raup. He is currently in charge of the science division at Bryan College.

Author: Faith, Form, and Time, 2002.

Kurt R. Wise "My favourite evidence for creation!" Creation Ex Nihilo, Sept.-Nov. 1989, Vol. 11, No. 4, p. 29.

Ken Walker. "Worldview Shapes One's Conclusions about Creation, Kurt Wise Writes"

Faculty page

Testimony in In Six Days: Why Fifty Scientists Choose to Believe in Creation, edited by John F. Ashton, Ph.D. Master Books, Inc., Green Forest, AR, 2001. ISBN 0-89051-341-4.

Dutch mathematician. Calvinist. His father was treasurer of the Synod of Dort.

Galileo Project entry

De Witt composed The Worth of Life Annuities Compared to Redemption Bonds, a practical work that applied the principles of probability to issues of state finance.

MacTutor entry:

His most important work Elementa curvarum linearum (1659-61) was written before 1650, and was the first systematic development of the analytic geometry of the straight line and conic. It was published by van Schooten as part of his edition of Descartes' Géometrie (1660).

The word directrix is due to de Witt.

NAHSTE entry

*** Not in Gale

Greslau, Silesia (now Wroclaw, Poland)-born mathematician, astronomer, instrument-maker.

MacTutor entry

Galileo Project entry

Wittich is known for two things, his method of prosthaphaeresis, a method based on trigonometric identities that allowed you to multiply and divide by adding and subtracting trigonometric functions (a predecessor of logarithms) and his notes commenting on Copernaicus's De revolutionibus, where something like the Tychonic system appears. For the Landgrave Wittich designed an astrolabe. He also talked about the design of astronomical instruments, though it is far from clear that he was doing more in this respect than passing on information about Tycho's instruments.

Connections: He worked with Tycho Brahe in 1680, and at least visited, and perhaps worked with, Joost Bürgi and Wilhelm IV. Wittich corresponded with Hagecius (a court physician in Prague). He was a friend of Dudith in Breslau, and of Praetorius in Nuremberg.

German baron, philosopher and mathematician. Professor, Halle (1707-23), Marburg (1723-40); science adviser to Peter the Great (1716-25); professor, chancellor of University of Halle (1741-54). Chief German spokesman of the Enlightenment; developed and popularized philosophy of Leibnitz; championed deductiverationalistic system of philosophy. Author of numerous works, in Latin and German, on all branches of philosophy, and in mathematics and physics. Lutheran.

Galileo Project entry:

Wolff's first interest was mathematics. Although he made no original contribution to the discipline, he was an important figure in the teaching of mathematics who was instrumental in introducing the new mathematics into German universities.

He was a member of the Royal Society; the Societatem Berolinensem, Rome (1711); the Academie Royale; the Berlin Academy; and the St. Petersburg Academy. His correspondence with Leibniz (from 1702 until Leibniz's death in 1716) has been published.

Biographical entry

Biographical entry

One of the first to use the German language instead of Latin, he systematized and popularized the doctrines of Leibniz. Wolff studied at Jena and taught at Leipzig before going to a professorship at Halle (1706-23). His doctrines of apparent fatalism aroused the Pietists to secure his banishment, which he spent as professor at Marburg (1723-40). Recalled to Halle by Frederick the Great in 1740, he became chancellor of the university in 1743. One of Wolff's major works was Vernünftige Gedanken von Gott, der Welt, und der Seele der Menschen [rational thoughts on God, the world, and the souls of men] (1719). The Leibnizian doctrine of preestablished harmony was more prominent than the monad theory in Wolff's presentation, though both were considerably moderated. He is chiefly remembered for his broad concept of philosophy, his insistence on clarity and precision, and his devotion to the power of reason and mathematics. See study by J. V. Burns (1966).

*** Not in Gale

Sociologist. Professor at Monash University Faculty of Arts, Australia.

Robert Wolfgramm was born in Fiji and his immediate ancestors are German, Jewish, Tongan, Australian and Fijian. He came to Australia in 1963 and lives in Melbourne, but still engages with family and political issues in Fiji. Robert also has a Bachelor of Arts; a Master of Arts (Sociology); and a Doctorate in Sociology (La Trobe University). Robert has taught politics at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (1981-1983) and sociology at Chisholm Institute of Technology (1983-1989). At Monash University (since 1990), Robert has taught subjects in Religion, Popular Music, Ethnicity & Minority Relations, Theory & Methodology, and Research Methods. He currently teaches SCY2/3272: Sociology of Popular Music; SCY2/3041 Sociology of Ethnicity and Minority Relations, and lectures in the first year units SCY1100: Introduction to Sociology I and SCY1200: Introduction to Sociology II.

Outside of these academic pursuits, Robert has had paid work as a timber measurer, printer's assistant, railway clerk, sales representative, swimming pool concreter, paper stripper, paint stripper, gardener, builders' labourer, door-to-door book seller, truck driver, cleaner, guitar-teacher, song-writer, musician and producer. From 1967 to 2000, Robert performed live, and together with the author-editor, Lowell Tarling, wrote songs, produced three albums, and recorded a soundtrack and a jingle.

For the past three years Robert has contributed a column in the monthly Signs religious magazine. Other articles, reviews, and chapters have appeared in Adventist Professional; Spectrum; Review of Religious Research; and The God Factor (John Ashton, ed., Harper Collins, Australia 2001). Articles on Fiji and the Pacific have appeared in The Age newspaper, The Fiji Times, and Fiji's Daily Post. A chapter about his 1960s experience of boarding school will appear in the book, Go! Melbourne in the 60s (forthcoming, Seamus O'Hanlon & Tania Luckins eds., Melbourne Publishing Group).

Faculty page

Robert Wolfgramm, Ph. D. "Between Ellen and Hell - Learning to Live with Imperfection". Personal experience essay, in which the author reminisces on learning to tell "the difference between legalism and gospel-good-news, between a childish and a child-like faith."

Testimony in On the Seventh Day: Forty Scientists and Academics Explain Why They Believe in God, edited by John F. Ashton, Ph.D. Master Books, Inc., Green Forest, AR, 2002. ISBN 0-89051-376-7.

Member: American Society of Animal Science (ASAS) (Scholarship award 1967, 68), American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), Creation Research Society (membership secretary 1984), Society Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Baptist.

Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Holder of numerous patents.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Christian Answers profile

Glen W. Wolfrom, Ph.D. Animal Husbandry Vitae

Biochemistry and molecular biology educator. Lecturer, Hong Kong Baptist College, 1991; Research Associate, Chinese University Hong Kong, 1991; staff molecular biologist, Bissendorf Biosciences, Inc., Richardson, Texas, 1988-90; staff molecular biologist, Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville, Oklahoma, 1987-88; Senior Research scientist, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, 1986-87; Associate Research scientist, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, 1984-86; predoctoral fellow, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, 1980-84. Education: BSc, Chinese University Hong Kong, 1977; MPhil, Chinese University Hong Kong, 1979; Ph.D., University Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, 1984.

Member: AAAS, Hong Kong Society Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (exec. committee 1991), Hong Kong Society Immunology (founder 1993), Hong Kong Institute Science. Member exec. committee Christian Church Living Faith, Hong Kong, 1991-93.

Honors: Named Honorary Citizen Oklahoma City, Mayor Andy Coats, 1986.

ResearchGate page

Biographical entry

Patentee in field.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Computer science educator, computer consultant. Certified data processer, Alabama. Twenty-five years on active duty with the U. S. Navy, enlisted 1951, advanced through grades to commander: 1971; control tower operator U.S. Navy, 1951-55, naval aviator, 1955-76; instructor Troy State University, Dothan, Alabama, 1976-81, Assistant Professor of Computer Science, 1981, Dept. Chairman, 1983; consultant Design Associates, Dothan, 1980-83, Hayes International, Dothan, 1982-83, Vision Eye Clinic, Dothan, 1983-84, City of Dothan, 1983-85. Education: B.S. in Engineering Science, U. S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1970; M.S. in Computer Systems Management, U. S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1971; A.B.D. Nova Southeastern University, 1987; CCP, Certified Computer Professional (CCP, formerly CDP), 1981.

Honors: Named Flight Instructor of Year, City of Milton, Florida, 1962; Kiwanis Editor of Year, Alabama Kiwanis District 1981, 1982.

Member: Data Processing Management Association (faculty advisor), Education Special Interest Group, Mensa, Alabama Council Computer Education, Officers Christian Fellowship. Southern Baptist. Club: Dothan Landmarks Foundation.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Faculty page

Obituary

From CMI profile:

"Todd Wood has a B.S. in biology and a Ph.D. in biochemistry. He has been intensely involved in baraminology research since 1996 and helped to start the Baraminology Study Group. Todd has organized two conferences on baraminology, one at Liberty University and one at Cedarville University. He is currently an Assistant Professor at the Center for Origins Research and Education at Bryan College and is also active at church, singing in the choir and teaching Sunday school."

ASA member, Ph. D. in molecular biology.

Faculty page and vitae

ResearchGate page

*** Not in Gale

English naturalist, geologist, paleontologist, mineralogist, botanist, physician. Professor of physics at Gresham College, 1692-1728. In 1693 he was elected F.R.S., in 1695 was made M.D. by Archbishop Tenison and also by Cambridge, and in 1702 became F.R.C.P.

Galileo Project entry

Woodward's interests ranged very widely over natural history and antiquities. On excursions, which started early in his medical career, he studied both plants and minerals, and especially fossils. Essay Toward a Natural History of the Earth, 1695, which established his reputation, advanced a theory to explain stratification (and the fossils embedded in strata) by the deposit of debris out of the deluge. He insisted that fossils were the remains of once living animals and plants, and he related fossils to specific rock formations. Woodward dedicated his Essay Toward a Natural History of the Earth, 1695, to Sir Robert Southwell, an eminent governmental servant who was then President of the Royal Society. Southwell had been one of those involved in obtaining the Greshman appointment for Woodward, and he remained a supporter of Woodward's theories of the earth.

He formed a large collection of fossils and minerals, many of which were sent to him from abroad. He attempted to classify them--Naturalis historia telluris, 1714; Fossils of All Kinds Digested into a Method, 1728, which is primarily a classification of minerals (included in the generic term "fossil"); An Attempt Towards a Natural History of the Fossils of England, posthumous, 1729, dealing with minerals as well. Woodward bequeathed his collection to Cambridge together with money to found the Woodwardian Professorship of Geology. He also wrote an unpublished treatise on the natural history of ores and metals. He is considered the first major figure in English geology.

Woodward carried out systematgic experimentation on plant nutrition in the early 90s, demonstrating for the first time that water taken in by the roots is exhaled (or transpired as the word is now). An article on this was published in the Philosophical Transactions.

Woodward published one medical work, The State of Physick and of Diseases, 1718, in the he condemned the method of treatment of smallpox used by Mead and Freind. A bitter quarrel, not the only one in Woodward's career, followed. He lectured on the bile to the Royal College of Physicians. He is said to have been recognized as an authority on comparative anatomy.

He also worked some in meteorology, relating a rising barometer to rainy weather.

Member: Royal Society, 1693, frequently on the Council; Royal College of Physicians, 1703; Censor, 1703, 1714; Gulstonian Lecturer, 1711. Informal Connections: Friendship with Peter Barwick and Robert Southwell. At one time he was also friendly with Robert Plot and Edward Lhwyd, but Woodward was arrogant, touchy, and quarrelsome, and he made enemies of other naturalists. Woodward corresponded with Scheuchzer, Lister, Hearne, Leibniz, Cotton Mather, and others. Levine has a lot of detail about Woodward's extensive correspondence, centering on fossils. The correspondence (now located at the Royal Society, the British Library, the Bodleian, some library in Zurich) was very wide. He would make an excellent subject for a study of informal circles in the scientific community.

Woodward considered his theory of the earth to be a defense of Scripture. At his death he received the final sacrament of the church and professed his Anglican faith, and he was buried in Westminster Abbey.

From 1911 Encyclopedia:

While still a student Woodward became interested in botany and natural history, and during visits to Gloucestershire his attention was attracted by the fossils that are abundant in many parts of that county; and he began to form the great collection with which his name is associated. His views were set forth in An Essay toward a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial Bodies, especially Ilzuinerals, (1695; and ed. 1702, 3^rd ed. 1723). This was followed by Brief Instructions for making Observations in all Parts of the World (1696).

A full account of Woodward's life and views and a portrait of him are given in the Life and Letters of the Rev. Adam Sedgwick, by J. W. Clark and T. McK. Hughes, where it is mentioned that his paper, read before the Royal Society in 1699, entitled Some Thoughts and Experiments concerning Vegetation, shows that the author should be ranked as a founder of experimental plant-physiology, for he was one of the first to employ the method of water-culture, and to make refined experiments for the investigation of plant-life.

aka Olaus Wormius

Danish physician, known for studies of runes; published collection of Danish and Norwegian runic inscriptions as Monumenta danica (1643).

Galileo Project entry

Biographical entry

Danisj entry

*** Not in Gale

English zoologist, entomologist, pharmacologist, physician. Catholic.

Galileo Project entry

Physician to Duke of Norfolk and Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, Medical practice in London, 1526-55. Wotton's reputation rests on De differentiis animalium libri decem, (Paris, 1552), a compilation, in the style of the day, from ancient sources rather than from observation of nature. Apparently it was used, for want of anything better at the time, by later naturalists. Book IX, on insects, was certainly influential with later entomologists. He devoted part of Book IX to their medicinal use (sic!).

Member: Royal College of Physicians, 1528; Elect, 1531; Consiliarus, 1531, 1547, 1549; President, 1541-3; Censor, 1552-3, 55. Influenced by John Claymond, President of Magdalen; followed him to Corpus Christi College in 1523.

Linda Hall Library entry

Royal College of Physicians entry

The English architect and astronomer Sir Christopher Wren interpreted the baroque style in England and dominated English architecture for 50 years. His most important work is St. Paul's Cathedral, London. Professor of astronomy, Gresham College (1657-61), Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford (1661-73); a charter member of Royal Society; devoted himself to architecture (c.1663). Proposed plans for rebuilding city of London after the Great Fire (1666); surveyor general (1669); designed and built 53 churches in London in a variety of styles and plans; best known for design of new St. Paul's Cathedral (1675-1711). Other works included the Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford (1662-69), chapel of Pembroke College, Cambridge (1663-65), Custom House (1668), TempleBar (1670-72), monument commemorating the Great Fire (1671-78), library of Trinity College, Cambridge (1676-84), chapel of Queen's College, Oxford (1682), Chelsea Hospital (1682-85), and additions to Hampton Court Palace (1696-1704). Crater Wren on Mercury is named in his honor.

"Christopher Wren." International Dictionary of Architects and Architecture. St. James Press, 1993: "Wren was among the scientists of the 17th century who, despite their skepticism, were Christians who accepted the authority of the Bible, often describing how in the search for knowledge there were two books to read: Nature and Scripture, both revealing divine laws. Vitruvius and the Bible were considered equally accurate historical documents of indisputable authority, which Wren conflated and amended to create a single chronological framework that would include all known architecture and reveal first principles."

Galileo project entry

MacTutor entry or here

Biographical entry

Dedicated website

English physician, bacteriologist and pathologist. Professor, Army Medical School (1892-1902), St. Mary's Hospital, London (1902-46). Almroth Edward Wright made several significant contributions to science and is perhaps best known for introducing a vaccination against typhoid fever. Developed near the turn of the twentieth century, the vaccine was used on British soldiers during World War I and was responsible for saving many lives. The disease only claimed the lives of 1,191 British soldiers, instead of a projected 125,000 without the vaccination, according to estimates outlined in Leonard Colebrook's biography, Almroth Wright: Provocative Doctor and Thinker. At St. Mary's, Wright directed the inoculation department and headed a very talented research staff that included Alexander Fleming. Wright was highly respected by his staff for his contagious enthusiasm and, after long days in the laboratory, he often gathered with his colleagues for late-night discussions over tea. In 1911, Wright traveled to South Africa to initiate prophylactic (protective) inoculation against pneumonia among Africans working in the Rand gold mines. During World War I, Wright and his research team served in France, studying wound treatment. He developed the use of salt solution to draw lymph into wounds, hastening healing. Wright returned to St. Mary's in 1919 and there continued his work on immunology until his retirement in 1946.

Wright's many innovations have earned him a place beside Paul Ehrlich, Louis Pasteur, and Elie Metchnikoff as a founder of modern immunology. In addition to his inoculations against typhoid fever and pneumonia, Wright developed a vaccine against certain forms of tuberculosis. He established inoculation therapy, the technique of treating, rather than preventing, microbial diseases by vaccination. He reconciled the early dispute about whether immune responses were caused by antibodies (substances in the blood) or by phagocytes (bacteria-killing cells), finding that certain blood factors called opsonins helped the phagocytes to destroy bacteria.

Numerous honors were bestowed upon Wright for his scientific work, including a knighthood and election as a Fellow of the Royal Society of London, both of which were awarded in 1906.

Biographical entry

Royal College of Physicians entry

Biographical entry

*** Not in Gale

English mathematician, navigation expert, cartographer, specialist in magnetism and hydraulics, instrument-maker.

Mathematical Treasure: Edward Wright’s Certaine Errors in Navigation

Correcting navigational errors, the Wright way

Galileo Project entry

Famous for his contribution to mathematical navigation, especially Certaine Errors in Navigation, which set forth the Mercator projection. He also translated Stevin's Haven-Finding Art.

Wright also published some treatises on mathematics-- Description and Use of the Sphere, 1614, and especially A Description of the Admirable Tables of Logarithmes, a translation of Napier's Latin, published in 1616, just after Wright's death. He helped Gilbert with De magnete and was even said (by Mark Ridley) to have written parts of it--presumably on the use of magnetic declination to determine longitude, a theme that Wright pursued in his own writings.

Wright did a chart of the Azores on a Mercator projection. He also did a map of the fens, and he collaborated on Hakluyt's world map, again on a Mercator projection and incorporating late information from explorers, published in the Principal Navigations. Wright was an important designer of instruments for navigation.

Wright was apparently the technical expert on the New River project, a waterway planned (and ultimately constructed) to bring water from Uxbridge to London.

George Frederick Wright was an important geologist and theologian, whose philosophical approach to the relationship between science and religion attracted great attention, as he slowly moved from theistic evolution to creationism (Ronald L. Numbers, George Frederick Wright: From Christian Darwinist to Fundamentalist, 1988). He studied at Oberlin College in Ohio and received his divinity degree from its Theological Seminary in 1862. His first pastoral charge was in the small village of Bakersfield, Vt., and it was there that he developed his interest in geology (1862-72). From 1872 to 1881 he was pastor of the Free (Congregational) Church of Andover, Mass. Behind the parsonage in Andover ran a gravel ridge supposed by geologists to be of marine origin, but Wright's study of it convinced him that it was due to glacial action. His theory of the glacial origin of such ridges in New England, presented before the Essex Institute of Salem in 1875 and before the Boston Society of Natural History in 1876, was indorsed by Clarence King [q.v.] and brought by him to the attention of geologists the world over (Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. XIX, 1878, p. 47). In 1880 Wright was asked to serve on a distinguished commission selected to investigate the discoveries made by Charles Conrad Abbott [q.v.] of what were reputed to be the remains of paleolithic man in the Trenton, N. J., glacial deposits. Wright's interest in the Ice Age now became intertwined with his interest in the antiquity of man, and this, in turn, with his theological interest in the Biblical account of man's origin. Though he had little formal scientific training beyond Oberlin coursework, his reading of Darwin and Lyell as well as his studies of glacial deposits led him to develop considerable expertise in glacial geology and paleoarchaeology. With his friend Asa Gray, the famous botanist, Wright promoted a Christian interpretation of Darwinism, and later published Studies in Science and Religion. This book, The Ice Age in North America, became his best-known work. [ANB] G. F. Wright. The Ice Age in North America. 1891.

He was later Professor of Harmony of Science and Revelation at Oberlin College in Ohio, and was editor of Bibliotheca Sacra, Sunday School Times and Homiletic Review. His works include The Logic of Christian Evidence (Andover, 1880), Studies in Science and Religion (1882), The Relation of Death to Probation (Boston, 1882), The Glacial Boundary in Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky (Cleveland, 1884) and The Divine Authority of the Bible (Boston, 1884). From Kemper Fullerton, "George Frederick Wright."Dictionary of American Biography Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936 and Appletons Encyclopedia, Copyright © 2001 Virtualology^TM

Famous Americans entry

Professor George Frederick Wright, , LL. D., Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio. "The Mosaic Authorship of the Pentateuch". From The Fundamentals, Ed. by R.A. Torrey. Blue Letter Bible.

Educator. Political scientist, consultant. Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, Associate Professor, 1988-present. Previous: Research Assistant House Committee on Education, Florida House of Representatives, Tallahassee, 1976; Research Assistant, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 1977-78, teaching Assistant, 1978-80; Consultant Center for Public Affairs and Government Services, Tallahassee, 1982-83; Associate Professor Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, 1980; Consultant Gadsden Demonstration Models Program, Quincy, Florida, 1980; member faculty Senate Florida A&M University, 1984. Education: B.S., Florida State University, 1976, M.S., 1978, Ph.D., 1980.Member: Florida Political Science Association, American Society Public Administration, Association Society and Behavioral Scientists, Southern Political Science Association, Georgia Political Science Association, Tallahassee Urban League, NAACP, Pi Sigma Alpha, Pi Gamma Mu. Baptist.

Honor: Andrew W Mellon Fellowship, 1996.

Contributor of articles to professional journals; commentator Facts and Faces, Sta. WAMF-TVRadio, 1984, Sta. 91.5 FM, 1984.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

"Larry L. Wright, Dr." Who's Who Among African Americans, 17^th ed. Gale Group, 2004.

Defense system executive. Program Manager, systems analyst Analytic Services, Inc., Arlington, Virginia, 1979-83; div. Manager, chief scientist TITAN Systems, Inc., Vienna, Virginia, 1983-86; Chief Executive Officer, Chairman Board SKW Corp., 1986. B.S., University Alabama, 1974, M.A., 1976, Ph.D., 1978. Institute University Alabama, University, 1974-79.

Honors: Recipient Outstanding Tech. Service commendation U.S. Air Force, 1982; named Most Valuable Performer, TITAN Systems, Inc., 1984.

Member: American Mathematics Society, Mathematics Association America, American Astronautical Society, Women in Mathematics, Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association, Women in Aerospace. Mortar Board, Phi Mu Epsilon, Delta Gamma (Chairman fashion Board 1973). Baptist.

Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Ph. D. in chemistry. ASA entry

Consulting rheumatologist, Chairman Executive committee, Arthritis and Rheumatism Council U.K.; Professor Emeritus rheumatology, University Leeds, 1994; Professor rheumatology, University Leeds, 1970-94; Senior Lecturer, General Infirmary, Leeds, England, 1964-70; Lecturer, General Infirmary, Leeds, England, 1960-64; research assistant, General Infirmary, Leeds, England, 1956-58; research Fellow, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, 1958-59.

"Because Jesus Christ is the Son of God, he can address himself to the very issues which science highlights but cannot solve. He deals with the problem of our nature."

CMI profile and memorial

Obituary

The Wright brothers-Orville (1871-1948) and Wilbur (1867-1912, in Dayton)--were inventors and aviation pioneers who created and flew the first practical airplane. Brethren.

Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright

Biographical entry

FAA resources

Wilbur's NASA page

Orville's NASA page

Free Dictionary entry

Jesuit priest. Studied atmospheric radiation.

Catholic Scientists entry

September 15, 1910: Theodor Wulf Publishes First Evidence of Cosmic Radiation

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